2021年福州市区老年人群夏冬季PM_(2.5)暴露水平及其影响因素研究

PM_(2.5) exposure level and its influencing factors among the elderly in Fuzhou during summer and winter seasons

目的 评估福州市区老年人群PM_(2.5)的暴露水平,结合室内外环境监测和时间活动模式调查,探讨PM_(2.5)个体暴露水平的影响因素。方法 在福州市某社区招募156名老年人,每名研究对象完成连续3 d的个体PM_(2.5)暴露测量、住宅室内PM_(2.5)测量和时间活动模式记录,同期采集社区2 km内环境固定监测点的大气PM_(2.5)样本,并对研究对象进行环境因素与生活习惯问卷调查。结果 福州市区老年人平均每日有80%以上的时间在室内度过。夏冬季PM_(2.5)个体暴露浓度分别为71.78 (57.89,90.90)和78.44 (61.23,92.70)μg/m^(3),均表现为个体>室内>室外浓度。个体、室内和室外PM_(2.5)浓度具有相同的季节分布特征(冬季>夏季)。多因素线性混合效应模型结果显示,PM_(2.5)个体暴露水平与室内外PM_(2.5)浓度呈正相关,与每日居家时间呈负相关(均P<0.05)。结论 福州市区老年人群PM_(2.5)个体暴露浓度大于室内外浓度;PM_(2.5)个体暴露水平与室内外PM_(2.5)浓度呈正相关,与每日居家时间呈负相关。

Objective To assess the fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5)) exposure levels among the elderly in Fuzhou,and to discuss the influencing factors for individual exposure to PM_(2.5).Methods 156 elder volunteers were recruited in a community in Fuzhou.Each subject completed individual PM_(2.5) exposure measurement,residential indoor PM_(2.5) measurement and time-activity pattern recording for 3 consecutive days(72 h),Meanwhile,atmospheric PM_(2.5) samples were collected from environmental monitoring stations within 2 km of the community.We also conducted a questionnaire survey on environmental factors and lifestyles.Results The elderly in Fuzhou spent more than 80% of their daily time indoors on average.The PM_(2.5) individual exposure concentration was 71.78(57.89,90.90) μg/m~3 in summer and 78.44(61.23,92.70) μg/m~3 in winter,which was higher than indoor and outdoor PM_(2.5) concentration.Individual PM_(2.5) exposure concentration,indoor and outdoor PM_(2.5) concentrations were all higher in winter than in summer.Multivariate linear mixed-effects model showed that individual PM_(2.5) exposure level was positively correlated with indoor and outdoor PM_(2.5) concentration,while negatively correlated with daily indoor hours(all P<0.05).Conclusions The individual PM_(2.5) exposure level in the elderly population in Fuzhou is higher than that of indoor and outdoor concentrations.individual PM_(2.5) exposure level is positively correlated with indoor and outdoor PM_(2.5) concentration,while negatively correlated with daily indoor hours.