实践型课程:基础教育课程新形态

Practice-based Curriculum:A New Form of Basic Education Curriculum

实践型课程是由情境、活动、工具等要素构成的新型课程形态。它注重围绕为何做、做什么、怎么做、做到什么程度等问题来设计课程,把自下而上的体验经历与自上而下的观念(概念)预设结合起来,从先知后行的旧框架中走出来,让学生在做事中获得关于事理的真知,克服“惰性知识”和“配方性知识”的局限,实现知行合一。实践型课程具体包括学科实践和综合实践两类。它要能不被知行二分的惯习所肢解,不被纸笔方式主导的应试所蚕食,不被以物为对象的劳作所挤压,真正走到人的培育的核心地带,还有很长一段路要走。

Practice-based curriculum is a new form of curriculum composed of context,activities,tools,and so on.It focuses on designing the curriculum around the questions of why,what,how,and to what extent,combining bottom-up experience with top-down conceptual preconceptions,breaking the old framework of knowing before doing,allowing students to gain true knowledge about things in doing,overcoming the limitations of "inert knowledge" and "formulated knowledge",and achieving the unity of knowledge and action.Specifically,practice-based curriculum includes both subject practice and comprehensive practice.There is still a long way to go before it can avoid the influence of the habit of dichotomy between knowledge and action,the paper-and-pencil approach to examinations and the objectoriented labor,and truly reach the core of human cultivation.