走向“智能型学习为本评估”--技术赋能学习评估的历史嬗变与未来展望

Towards“Intelligentized Learning-oriented Assessment”:The Historical Evolution and Future Prospect of Learning Assessment Empowered by Technology

技术赋能学习评估已出现三种形态。一是基于计算机的课堂辅助型评估,信奉“评估即测量”的理念,以“鉴别”和“反馈”学生学习为目标,通过单向线性的流程聚焦对学生基础知识与基本技能的评估,助力减负提质。二是基于互联网的在线交互型评估,认同“评估即反思”的理念,以鼓励学生“交互”和“自主”为目标,通过灵活多样的流程兼顾对学生认知与元认知的评估,促进学生参与。三是基于大数据的数据驱动型评估,彰显“评估即探究”的理念,为学生提供沉浸式体验并改进学生学习,通过动态生成的流程关注以高阶能力为核心的多维度评估内容,推动深度学习。展望未来,秉持“评估即学习生态再建构”理念的智能型学习为本评估正在兴起,以优教促学为主要目标,以实时持续的评估流程涵盖和统整智能型学习段评估、智能型学习性评估和智能型学习化评估三大方式,着眼于培育终身学习。

Learning assessment empowered by technology can be traced back to the 1970 s and has developed into three patterns.The first is the classroom assisted assessment based on computer,which adheres to the concept of "assessment as measurement” and aims to identify students learning and provide feedback.It focuses on the assessment of students’ basic knowledge and skill through a one-way linear process.To a certain extent,the effect of reducing burden and improving quality has been achieved.The second is the online interactive assessment based on the Internet,which agrees with the concept of" assessment as reflection” and aims to encourage students to interact with others and learn to be independent.It focuses on the assessment of students’ cognition and metacognition through flexible and diverse processes and tries to promote students’ engagement.The third is the data-driven assessment based on big data,which holds the concept of "assessment as inquiry", provides students with an immersive experience and improves students learning.Data-driven assessment focuses on multidimensional assessment content with higher-order skills as the core through a dynamically generated process,and tries to facilitate students’ deep learning.Looking forward to the future,intelligentized learning-oriented assessment based on the concept of "assessment as the reconstruction of learning ecological environment" is emerging.Its main goal is to promote teaching and learning.It includes and integrates intelligentized assessment of learning,intelligentized assessment for learning,and intelligentized assessment as learning with real-time and continuous assessment processes.It focuses on the needs of future social development and cultivates lifelong learners.