先秦儒家师生与父子伦理关系比较

A Comparison of Teacher-Student and Father-Son Ethical Relationship in the Context of Pre-Qin Confucianism

在先秦儒家语境中,师生伦理关系是在教学活动中互动的双方即教师和学生之间的责任与义务要求,父子伦理关系则是在婚姻制的基础上父亲和儿子之间的道德规范。师生与父子伦理关系的异同可以从伦理关系的表现层面和特点进行分析。在形而上、理和事三个逐级向下展开的表现层面上,师生与父子伦理关系的差异越来越大,但最终皆归于同质的形而上层面。在伦理关系的特点上进行比较发现,父子与师生伦理关系的基础虽然都是内于人源于天的情感,但是前者依于血缘,后者依于德性而存在。二者的伦理关系有着倾向与双向、稳定与变动等差异明显的特征,在比较二者同异的基础上分析是否有利于实现重建圣王之治的理想。

In the context of pre-Qin Confucianism,teacher-student ethical relationship is the responsibility and obligation between the two parties in teaching activity which are teacher and student,while father-son ethical relationship is the moral regulation based on marriage between father and son.The similarities and differences between them can be analyzed from the demonstration aspect and characteristics of ethical relationship.From the three downward aspects of metaphysics,principle and matter,the differences between them become sharper,but eventually they all belong to the same metaphysical aspect.Based on the comparison of the characteristics of ethical relationship,it is found that although teacher-student and father-son ethical relationship are both based on the belief that men originate from heaven,the former are connected by blood,and the latter comes into being through virtue.In addition,they have transparently different characteristics such as tendency and bidirectionality and stability and volatility,so comparing the similarities and differences between them can help analyze the possibility to realize the ideal of the rule of a holy emperor.