经皮穿刺椎体成形术治疗老年骨质疏松性胸腰段压缩骨折的疗效及并发症分析

Efficacy and Complications of Percutaneous Vertebroplasty in the Treatment of Senile Osteoporotic Thoracolumbar Compression Fractures

目的分析经皮穿刺椎体成形术治疗老年骨质疏松性胸腰段压缩骨折的疗效及并发症。方法方便选取该院2018年4月—2021年6月收治的老年骨质疏松性胸腰段压缩骨折患者61例,按照治疗方式的不同将其分为两组,将其中接受传统手术治疗的30例患者设为对照组,将另外接受经皮穿刺椎体成形术治疗的31例患者设为观察组,对手术疗效、并发症进行观察比较。结果观察组术中出血量为(41±3)mL,手术时间为(52.36±9.51)min,均明显少于对照组的(250±20)mL、(69.97±11.34)min,差异有统计学意义(t=38.586、6.580,P<0.001)。相比于术前,两组术后的Cobb角、VAS评分均明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);椎体前缘高度则明显增加,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);且观察组术后的Cobb角、VAS评分明显低于对照组,椎体前缘高度明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。对照组与观察组脑脊液漏、邻近椎体骨折、骨水泥渗漏的发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论选择经皮穿刺椎体成形术对老年骨质疏松性胸腰段压缩骨折患者进行治疗能取得显著的临床疗效,不仅能使术中出血量明显减少、手术时间明显缩短,而且能显著改善患者Cobb角、椎体前缘高度、疼痛症状,并发症发生风险低,值得推广。

Objective To analyze the efficacy and complications of percutaneous vertebroplasty in the treatment of senile osteoporotic thoracolumbar compression fractures.Methods A total of 61 elderly patients with osteoporotic thoracolumbar compression fractures admitted to the hospital from April 2018 to June 2021 were conveniently selected.They were divided into two groups according to different treatment methods,30 patients who received traditional surgery were set as the control group,and 31 patients who received percutaneous vertebroplasty were set as the observation group.The surgical efficacy and complications were observed and compared.Results The intraoperative blood loss in the observation group was(41±3)mL,and the operation time was(52.36±9.51)min,which were significantly less than those in the control group(250±20)mL and(69.97±11.34)min,and the differences were statistically significant(t=38.586,6.580,P<0.001).Compared with preoperative,postoperative Cobb angle and VAS score of both groups were significantly decreased,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05),and the height of anterior vertebral body was significantly increased,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Moreover,the postoperative Cobb angle and VAS score of the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group,and the height of the anterior edge of the vertebral body was significantly higher than that of the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the incidence of cerebrospinal fluid leakage,adjacent vertebral fracture and bone cement leakage between the control group and the observation group(P>0.05).Conclusion Percutaneous vertebroplasty can achieve significant clinical efficacy in the treatment of elderly patients with osteoporotic thoracolumbar compression fractures.It can not only significantly reduce the intraoperative blood loss and significantly shorten the operation time,but also significantly improve the Cobb angle,anterior height of the vertebral body,and pain symptoms,and the risk of complications is low,which is worthy of promotion.