新疆150份陆地棉品种DNA指纹图谱构建与遗传多样性分析

Construction of DNA Fingerprint and Genetic Diversity of 150 Upland Cotton Varieties in Xinjiang

棉花(Gossypium hirsutum L.)是重要的纤维作物,新疆是中国最大植棉产区。为解决棉花种子市场多、乱、杂的问题,保护育种家和农户权益,迫切需要优化品种鉴定方法,提高品种检测效率。本研究筛选出52对核心引物,完成了150份新疆陆地棉品种的脱氧核糖核酸(deoxyribonucleic acid,DNA)指纹图谱和专属二维码的构建,并进行了遗传多样性分析。52对引物在150份新疆陆地棉品种中共检测出159种扩增带型,平均为3.06;多态性信息含量为0.1832~0.7678,平均值为0.4797。12个品种具有特征引物,用20对引物组合可将150份新疆陆地棉品种完全区分。新疆150份陆地棉品种遗传相似系数变化范围是0.5031~0.9936,平均值为0.7064,表明150份新疆陆地棉品种遗传基础较狭窄;群体结构分析显示,150份棉花品种被分为4类。本研究为新疆陆地棉品种分子鉴定提供了实用标记,为提升新疆棉花种子质量和开展棉花种子质量检查、监督提供技术支撑。

Cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.)is an important fiber crop,and Xinjiang is the largest cotton-growing area in China.It is urgent to optimize the methods of varieties identification and improve the efficiency of varieties detection to meet the interests of breeders and farmers is largely required.In this study,a total of 52 primers we screened.Using molecular markers techniques,DNA fingerprints and exclusive QR codes for 150 upland cotton varieties in Xinjiang were created,and the genetic diversity between all varieties was studied.The polymorphism information content of the 52 polymorphic loci ranged from 0.1832 to 0.7678,with an average of 0.4797.The results showed that 12 varieties could be differentiated by only one of the characteristic primers,and 150 upland cotton varieties could be identified by 20 primers combinations.The genetic similarity coefficients ranged from0.5031 to 0.9936,with an average of 0.7064,indicating that the genetic diversity of upland cotton varieties in Xinjiang was low.A structure analysis found that all the study subjects was divided into four classes.This study provides practical markers for molecular identification of upland cotton varieties,and provides technical support for cotton seed quality inspection in Xinjiang.