广州市2010至2020年职业病发病情况分析

Analysis on incidence of occupational diseases in Guangzhou from 2010 to 2020

目的分析广州市2010至2020年职业病发病特点,为制定职业病防治政策提供科学依据。方法于2021年1月,选择"职业病与职业卫生信息监测系统"中用人单位在广州市的职业病发病数据为数据来源,采用描述性流行病学的方法对2010至2020年广州市职业病发病病种及其特点进行分析。结果2010至2020年广州市共报告新诊断职业病9大类38种1341例,职业性尘肺病、职业性耳鼻喉口腔疾病和职业性化学中毒发病数位居前3位,分别占病例总数的38.1%(511/1341)、30.5%(409/1341)和16.2%(217/1341)。电焊工尘肺和矽肺病例分别占职业性尘肺病病例数的47.7%(244/511)和34.4%(176/511)。噪声聋病例占职业性耳鼻喉口腔疾病病例数的99.8%(408/409)。急性职业性化学中毒病例占职业性化学中毒病例数的26.7%(58/217),其中二氯乙烷中毒病例数居多,占79.3%(46/58);慢性职业性化学中毒占职业性化学中毒病例数的73.3%(159/217),其中苯、铅中毒病例数位居前2位,分别占病例数的79.2%(126/159)和17.6%(28/159)。结论应将电焊工尘肺、矽肺、噪声聋、苯中毒、铅中毒、二氯乙烷中毒等作为广州市重点职业病进行监督管理。

Objective To analyze the incidence characteristics of occupational diseases in Guangzhou from 2010 to 2020,provide scientific basis for formulating occupational disease prevention and control policies.Methods In January 2021,based on the data of occupational diseases in Guangzhou reported in the Information Monitoring System of Occupational Diseases and Occupational Health,descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the types and characteristics of occupational diseases in Guangzhou from 2010 to 2020.Results A total of 1341 cases of 38 kinds of occupational diseases in 9 categories were reported in the past 11 years.The incidence of occupational pneumoconiosis,occupational otolaryngology and oral diseases and occupational chemical poisoning ranked the top three,accounting for 38.1%(511/1341),30.5%(409/1341)and 16.2%(217/1341)of the total cases respectively.The cases of pneumoconiosis in welders and silicosis accounted for 47.7%(244/511)and 34.4%(176/511)of the cases of occupational pneumoconiosis respectively.The cases of noise deafness accounted for 99.8%(408/409)of occupational otorhinolaryngology oral diseases.Acute occupational chemical poisoning cases accounted for 26.7%(58/217)of the occupational chemical poisoning cases,in which dichloroethane poisoning cases ranked the first,accounting for 79.3%(46/58).Chronic occupational chemical poisoning cases accounted for 73.3%(159/217)of the occupational poisoning cases,in which benzene and lead poisoning cases ranked the top two,accounting for 79.2%(126/159)and 17.6%(28/159)respectively.Conclusion Pneumoconiosis,silicosis,noise deafness,benzene poisoning,lead poisoning,dichloroethane poisoning should be supervised and managed as key occupational diseases in Guangzhou.