基于PI3K/Akt通路探索中医药治疗肝癌机制的研究概述

An overview of the research on the mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of liver cancer based on the PI3K/Akt pathway

肝癌的发生发展是一个复杂的多步骤过程,涉及多种基因多条通路。磷脂酰肌醇-3-激酶(phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase,PI3K)/丝氨酸苏氨酸蛋白激酶(serine/threonine protein kinases,Akt)信号通路作为肿瘤发生过程中常见的信号通路之一,具有抑制癌细胞调亡、促进细胞增殖等作用,其与肝癌发生机制的研究已成目前研究的热点和难点。本文通过归纳与总结相关文献,发现中医药可通过抑制PI3K/Akt信号通路以抑制血管内皮的生成、阻滞细胞周期来影响肝癌细胞的增殖;增加细胞凋亡相关基因半胱氨酸蛋白酶3、B淋巴细胞瘤-2相关X蛋白、细胞色素C等基因蛋白的表达来诱导肝癌细胞的凋亡;增加自噬相关基因Beclin 1和微管相关蛋白1轻链3的表达来诱导肝癌细胞自噬。可见,中医药可抑制PI3K/Akt通路的激活,通过上述机制作用于肝癌细胞,降低相关疗效指标,最终影响肝癌的发展,起到治疗肝癌的目的,这为今后中医药治疗肝癌提供了新的方向与理论依据。

The occurrence and development of liver cancer is a complex multi-step process involving multiple genes and multiple pathways,such as phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)/serine/threonine protein kinases(Akt)signaling pathway,which is one of the common signaling pathways in the process of tumorigenesis.It has effects of inhibiting the apoptosis of cancer cells and promoting cell proliferation.The research on the mechanism of its relationship with liver cancer has become a hot and difficult point in current research.This article summarizes the relevant literature and finds that traditional Chinese medicine can inhibit the production of vascular endothelium and block the cell cycle by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway to affect the proliferation of liver cancer cells;increase the apoptosis-related gene cysteine protease(caspase)-3,B lymphoma-2 related X protein(Bax),cytochrome C(Cyt-C)and other gene protein expression to induce apoptosis of liver cancer cells;increase autophagy-related genes Beclin 1.The expression of tube-associated protein 1 light chain 3(LC3)induces autophagy in liver cancer cells.It can be seen that traditional Chinese medicine can inhibit the activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway.Through the above mechanisms,it can be used for liver cancer cells,reduce related efficacy indicators,and ultimately affect the development of liver cancer,directions and theoretical basis.