双循环发展格局下山东自贸区数字化转型研究

Research on the Digital Transformation of Shandong Pilot Free Trade Zone Under the Dual Circulation Development Pattern

构建双循环发展格局和更高水平开放型经济新体制,客观上要求自贸区发挥链接国际和国内双循环的纽带桥梁作用和制度创新作用。我国自贸区战略实施已经进入以数字贸易和数字化发展为特征的新阶段。山东数字“十四五”规划提出建成全国数字经济发展示范区,对自贸区数字化转型提出了迫切要求。近年来以互联网、云计算、大数据和人工智能等为代表的数字技术快速发展,导致世界主要经济体加快数字化转型,并把数字化作为推动全球价值链重构和经济发展的新动能。以数字贸易为主导的新的全球化背境下,国内大多数自贸区已经提出了数字自贸区建设方案并加快实施。通过对自贸区长达超过10年的统计数据分析和比较,从6个方面考察了自贸区发展趋势和自贸区战略实施效果。分析发现,自贸区在贸易依存度下降的同时,进口增长明显强于出口增长,这表明自贸区在构建以内循环为主的双循环格局中发挥着重要作用。提出了“自贸区战略2.0”概念和自贸区数字化发展指数概念,并从数字贸易、数字政府、数字基础设施和数字生态四个维度构建了计算自贸区数字化发展指数的指标体系。基于统计分析和自贸区数字化发展指数,研究提出了山东数字自贸区建设的工作重点和实施路径。

The establishment of a dual circulation development pattern and higher-level open economy system requires the Pilot Free Trade Zone to play the role of a bridge to connect the circulation between the international and the domestic markets.The 14th Five Year Plan of Shandong proposes to establish a national digital economy development demonstration zone,putting forward urgent requirements for the digital transformation of the Pilot Free Trade Zone.In recent years,the rapid development of digital technologies such as internet,cloud computing,big data and artificial intelligence has accelerated the digital transformation in major economies in the world,and digitalization has been regarded as a new driving force for the reconstruction of global value chains and economic development.In the context of the new globalization led by digital trade,most domestic Pilot Free Trade Zones have proposed the construction of digital Pilot Free Trade Zone,indicating that the development of Pilot Free Trade Zones has entered a new stage.With the historical data over 10 years about the Pilot Free Trade Zones,this paper investigates and analyzes the development trend and the implementation of development strategies from 6 aspects.The main finding is that with the decline of foreign trade degree of dependence,the growth of imports was significantly stronger than exports,indicating that Pilot Free Trade Zone plays an important role in the construction of the dual circulation development pattern dominated by internal circulation.This paper proposes the concept of Pilot Free Trade Zone Strategy 2.0 and the concept digital Pilot Free Trade Zone development index and constructs the digital Pilot Free Trade Zone development index from the dimensions of digital trade,digital government,digital infrastructure and digital ecology.Based on the digital Pilot Free Trade Zone development index and related statistical analysis,this paper further proposes the focus and implementation path of the construction of Shandong digital Pilot Free Trade Zone.