甘蓝型油菜黄化复绿突变体S28-y研究

Preliminary research on the green-revertible yellow leaf mutant S28-y in Brassica napus

对甘蓝型油菜品种镇油7号衍生系中发现的自然突变叶色黄化材料S28-y进行田间表型、叶绿体超微结构观察、光合色素含量和光合作用参数测定以及叶色遗传分析,探讨甘蓝型油菜叶色黄化突变体叶色变化、光合特性、叶色遗传及黄化复绿进程与温度响应关系。结果表明:S28-y叶色黄化复绿受1对隐性核基因控制;新生叶片叶色黄化显著,随叶片发育逐渐复绿,这种黄化再复绿现象伴随叶片整个生长阶段;复绿进程快慢与温度呈正相关,高温可加快黄化叶复绿,提高叶绿素含量。与野生型相比,突变体S28-y植株矮化,产量相关性状变差,光合色素含量和净光合速率显著降低;黄化叶叶绿体形态发育异常,无完整基粒、基质片层,光合作用减弱。叶绿体结构发育异常引起总叶绿素缺乏是导致突变体S28-y光合效率降低和产量性状变差的主要原因,而适宜温度是加快突变体黄化叶复绿的重要影响因素。

In order to study the leaf color change,photosynthetic characteristics,leaf-color heredity and temperature response of the green-revertible yellow leaf mutant in Brassica napus L.,the mutant S28-y found in the derivatives of Zhenyou 7 was used to observe the phenotype and chloroplast ultra-structure,determine the photosynthetic pigment content and photosynthetic parameters,and analyze leaf-color heredity.The results showed that the mutant was controlled by a pair of recessive nuclear genes,and the new leaves showed significant yellowing.The mutant gradually turned green with the development of leaves,and this phenomenon was accompanied by the whole growth stage of leaves.The process of greening was positively correlated with temperature,high temperature could accelerate the greening of yellowing leaves and increase chlorophyll content.Compared with the wild type,the yellowing mutation made the plants dwarf,the yield related traits were worse,and the photosynthetic pigment content and net photosynthetic rate were decreased significantly.In the yellowing mutation,the chloroplast morphology of leaves was abnormal,without complete grana and matrix lamellae,and the photosynthesis was weak.The total chlorophyll deficiency caused by the abnormal chloroplast structure development was the main reason for the decrease of photosynthetic efficiency and the deterioration of yield traits of the mutant S28-y,while temperature was an important factor for accelerating the greening of yellowing leaves.