贵州务川出土东汉时期青铜器的矿料来源研究

Study on Mineral Sources of Eastern Han Period Bronzes in Wuchuan,Guizhou

贵州东北部的务川地区是中原文化向云贵高原传播的前沿地带,考古发现大量的两汉时期中原汉文化遗存,包括种类繁多的青铜器。对务川地区3个遗址出土的15件东汉时期青铜器开展了合金成分和铅同位素分析。结果显示,务川东汉时期青铜器主要为铅锡青铜,铅同位素组成反映了青铜器中铅料的来源。务川东汉青铜器的铅料相较于务川西汉青铜器发生明显的转变,铅料来源较为复杂,至少存在四处矿产地,反映了东汉时期云贵高原多个铅矿得到开发。研究发现1件务川东汉青铜器具有高放射成因铅特征,其铅料可能产自滇东北昭通一带的高放射成因铅铅矿,这是目前该矿早期开采的重要证据。

The area of Wuchuan in northeastern Guizhou province is the forefront of spread of the Central Plains Cultures to the Yungui Plateau,and remains of Han culture have been excavated including many bronzes.Alloy compositions and lead isotope analyses were conducted on 15 Eastern Han dynasty bronze artifacts from three sites of Wuchuan.The results indicate that Eastern Han dynasty bronzes from Wuchuan are mainly lead-tin bronze,and the lead isotope ratios show the provenance of lead material.The lead material of Eastern Han dynasty bronzes in Wuchuan has changed significantly from Western Han dynasty,and the source of lead material is more complex and at least four sources of ore,reflecting the development of several lead mines in Yungui Plateau during Eastern Han dynasty.This study finds that lead mineral source of one bronze from Wuchuan with high radiogenic lead may originate from lead mine in Zhaotong area of north-eastern Yunnan,which is an important evidence for the early exploitation of this mine.