哈克尼西棉细胞质雄性不育的细胞质效应研究

Cytoplasmic effects of CMS-D2 in upland cotton

本研究选用2套同核异质的哈克尼西棉恢复基因近等基因系为实验材料,分别种植于黄河流域(河南安阳)和长江流域(江西九江)棉区,对苗期生长性状、全生育期叶片光合生理参数、花药发育状况、产量及其构成因素以及纤维品质性状进行比较分析,以期阐明哈克尼西棉细胞质雄性不育的细胞质效应.结果显示,(ⅰ)不育胞质对棉花苗期生长和大多数纤维品质性状无明显不利影响;(ⅱ)不育胞质恢复系净光合速率在苗期显著高于可育胞质恢复系,到花铃期以后则出现相反的趋势;(ⅲ)不育胞质恢复系在高温胁迫下花药育性均显著低于可育胞质恢复系,主要表现在花粉量明显减少、花粉活性和活力显著降低;(ⅳ)不育胞质对产量性状具有显著的负效应,主要表现为单株铃数明显减少和衣分显著降低;(ⅴ)总体上来说,不育胞质对净光合速率、花药发育和产量等性状的负效应在夏季温度较高的长江流域棉区表现更为明显.本文系统探讨了哈克尼西棉不育型细胞质对陆地棉主要性状的影响,研究结果对棉花胞质不育“三系”杂交种选育和改良具有重要的指导意义.

Two sets of isonuclear alloplasmic near-isogenic restorer lines of Gossypium harknessii were planted in cotton production areas of the Yellow River(Anyang,Henan)and Yangtze River(Jiujiang,Jiangxi)basins,and comparative analyses of seedling growth,leaf photosynthetic parameters,anther development,cotton yield as well as its constituent factors,and fiber quality traits were performed to clarify the cytoplasmic effects of CMS-D2 in upland cotton.The results are as follows:(i)sterile cytoplasm did not affect cotton seedling growth and most fiber quality traits.(ii)The net photosynthetic rate of the sterile cytoplasmic restorer lines was significantly higher at the seedling stage but lower after the blooming stage when compared to the fertile cytoplasmic restorer lines.(iii)The anther fertility of the sterile cytoplasmic restorer lines under high-temperature stress was significantly lower than that of the fertile cytoplasmic restorer lines,which was mainly manifested in a significant reduction in pollen amount,pollen activity and vitality.(iv)The sterile cytoplasm negatively affected yield traits,which was mainly manifested in a significant reduction in boll number per plant and lint percentage.(v)In general,the negative effects of sterile cytoplasm on net photosynthetic rate,anther development and cotton yield were more obvious in cotton production area of the Yangtze River basin where summer temperatures are higher.This paper systematically explored the effects of CMS-D2 cytoplasm on the main traits of upland cotton,and the results of this study are of great significance for the breeding and improvement of cytoplasmic sterile“three-line”hybrid cotton.