赣西北客家方言概况

A survey of Hakka dialect in Northwest Jiangxi

文章所论的客家是指明清时期由粤北、闽西入迁赣西北及粤北、闽西迁入赣南后转迁入赣西北的客籍居民,基于修水、铜鼓客家方言调查探讨赣西北九岭山区客赣文化接触与融合。赣西北居民居住类型可分四种类型纯客型、纯赣型、客赣杂居型、多来源杂居型。根据人际交流方言使用情况,赣西北客家居民方言类型可归纳为单一方言型、双方言或多方言型、混合型。赣西北九岭山地区客家方言具有典型客家方言属性,属客家方言铜桂片。入迁赣西北三百多年以来,客家方言有了新的区域性演变发展典型特点的弱化与萎缩、不同来源地客家方言的内部趋同、客赣方言融合。

The Hakka in this paper refers to the Hakka residents who moved from northern Guangdong and Western Fujian to Southern Jiangxi and then to Northwestern Jiangxi during Ming and Qing Dynasties.Based on the investigation of Xiushui and Tonggu Hakka dialects,this paper discusses the contact and integration of Hakka and Jiangxi Local culture in Jiuling mountain area of Northwest Jiangxi.The types of residents in Northwest Jiangxi can be divided into four types:pure Hakka type,pure Gan type,Hakka Gan mixed type and tripartite mixed type.According to the use of dialect in interpersonal communication,the dialect types of Hakka residents in Northwest Jiangxi can be summarized as single dialect type,double dialect type,multi-dialect type,and mixed type.The Hakka dialect in Jiulingshan area of Northwest Jiangxi has the attribute of typical Hakka dialect,which belongs to Tonggui section of Hakka dialect.Since moving to Northwest Jiangxi for more than 300 years,Hakka dialects in Jiulingshan area of Northwest Jiangxi have had new regional evolution and development:the weakening and shrinkage of typical characteristics,convergent development of dialects from different sources,and the integration of Hakka and Gan dialects.The development characteristics of Hakka dialects moved into Northwest Jiangxi in the Ming and Qing Dynasties are closely related to the contact and evolution of Hakka and Jiangxi local dialects.