边疆整合视阈下民国初年热河的政区改制

The Administrative Restructure of the Rehe Region in Early Republican China from the Perspective of Frontier Integration

辛亥革命后,因蒙疆危机,社会涌现热河设省之呼声,其中以熊希龄的态度最为积极。但税收不足与局势不稳定是无法设省的关键因素,最后熊希龄提出的特别区制度为袁世凯所采纳。特别区制度的特点在于它继承清代原有军府制度,并参考内地省制,也保有中央政府的影响力。热河特别区的设立在中国近代政区沿革史上有重要意义,不仅延续了清末边疆整合的成果,也代表着长城外的边疆地区与内地行省形成一体。

After the Xinhai Revolution of 1911,considering the crisis of Outer Mongolia,some Chinese officials called for an administrative conversion of Inner Mongolia into province,and XiongXiling’s attitude was the most supportive power among them.But the lack of self-sufficient taxation and unstable political situations made this proposal unrealistic.In the end,Xiong proposed a design of making Inner Mongolia a special region and this design was granted by Yuan Shikai.The characteristic of the special region system was the continuation of original military rule and in structure closer to the provincial system of the hinterland.At the same time,the central power could also be maintained in Mongolian region.Therefore,the establishment of the Rehe Special Region adhered to the Chinese administrative practice in history and showed its significance in the history of the evolution of administrative regions in modern China.It continued the progress of frontier integration since the late Qing period.The Rehe Special Region also symbolized the initial achievement of the process of political integration from an autonomous dependency to a special region under direct control of the Chinese government.