互联网用户数字劳动价值分析——基于马克思劳动价值理论视角

Analysis on the Value of Digital Labor of Internet Users—Based on Marx's Theory of Labor Value

互联网用户在互联网中的活动是否是数字劳动、能否创造价值的问题一直存在争议。根据马克思的劳动价值理论,生产性劳动创造价值。互联网用户主动输出型行为是用户在数字网络中有目的的自我实现活动,所以它是一种数字劳动;这种数字劳动创造出来的用户生产内容具有使用价值,所以它同时是一种生产性劳动。作为生产性劳动的互联网用户主动输出型行为直接创造价值。互联网用户被动输出型行为因为不具有目的性而不能当作数字劳动,但被动输出型行为产生的数据可以作为数据商品生产的原材料、数字机器开发的原料和运维的养料参与数字经济价值生产链上的价值生产。对于互联网用户创造的不同形式的价值,数字资本以数据商品的形式和直接占有用户生成内容的形式从中获取价值。

Whether the activities of Internet users on the Internet are labor and whether they can create value have been controversial.According to Marx's theory of labor value,productive labor creates value.The active output behavior of Internet users is a purposely self-realization activity of users in digital network,so it is a kind of digital labor;such digital labor creates user-generated content which have use value,so it is also a productive labor.As a productive labor,the active output behavior of Internet users directly creates value.The passive output behavior of Internet users cannot be regarded as labor because it has no purpose,but the data generated by passive output behavior can be used as raw materials for data commodity production,raw materials for digital machines development as well as nutrients for operating and maintaining them to participate in value generation on the digital economic value creation chain.For the different forms of value created by Internet users,digital capital obtains value from data commodities and direct possession of user-generated content.