学术生态如何善治?——基于个体与集体关系的视角

How Can Academic Ecosystem Be Well-governed?—From the Perspective of Individual and Collective Relationship

学术生态事关学术系统的良性运转和科学研究的可持续发展,探讨学术生态系统的运行逻辑和善治路径具有现实意义。基于个体和集体关系的视角,刻画了个体在学术生产和学术声誉两方面的行为逻辑。在显性层面,公共学术产品的生产与引用在学术场域内构成了供需链条,但在内卷化情境下却易酿成“搭便车”行为;在隐性层面,个体在学术场域的深耕构筑了独树一帜的声誉,但“捷径取胜”的内卷化趋势成为机会主义行为者获取荣誉的快速通道,由此酿成学术生态系统的危机。因此,基于柔性道德规范和刚性法律制约提出治理策略,一是凝练道德规范与集体意识,基于共同意识激发个体对集体的价值认同;二是以成本和收益为视角,提高法律严惩的短期成本和非合作博弈的长期成本,双管齐下共筑学术生态系统的治理路径。

Academic ecology is related to the benign operation of academic ecosystem and sustainable development of scientific research.It is of practical significance to explore the operation mechanism and the good governance of academic ecosystem.This paper examines the behavioral logics of individual in academic production and reputation from the perspective of individual and collective relations.On the explicit level,the production and quotation of academic products form a supply-demand chain in academia,but involution can lead to“free riding”behavior very easily.On the hidden level,certain individuals'deep cultivation in the academic field has built widespread reputations,but the involution trend of“shortcuts to victory”has become an easy way for opportunistic actors to obtain honor,which has resulted in academic ecosystem crisis.Accordingly,this paper proposes governance strategies based on rigid legal constraints and soft moral norms.First,refine moral norms and collective consciousness,to stimulate the individual value identification of the collective based on the common consciousness.Second,improve the short-term cost of severe punishment by law and the long-term cost of non-cooperative game from the perspective of the cost and benefit of law.The combination of the above two approaches will help build the governance path of academic ecosystem.