“勒勒车”名称及其内涵的现代变迁考略

The Origin of the Lele Cart’s Name

“勒勒车”作为中国北方少数民族传统交通运输工具,曾在牧民游牧迁徙的生活方式中发挥过重要作用,现已成为民族文化的象征,但其得名原因却存在着误解并广为流传。本文基于田野调查和文献资料,就“勒勒车”得名原因和时间等问题试作考证,认为“勒勒车”得名原因在于其行驶时轮轴摩擦发出的声音,在内蒙古中东部、黑龙江西部等少数民族与汉族混居的地区,人们在用汉语交流时称其为“勒勒车”;“勒勒车”在汉语文献中又被书写为“■■车”“罗罗车”“辘轳车”等,其实是口语“勒勒车”的四种不同书面写法,在内涵上具有一致性。■■车在清末时已见于文献记载,而“勒勒车”在民国中后期才被广泛使用,淘汰了其他三种书写方式。

Lele Cart,a traditional vehicle in the minority areas of northern China,once played an important role in the nomadic lifestyle of herdsmen;it has now become a symbol of ethnic culture.However,why it is called“Lele”is misunderstood and widely spread.Based on field investigations and literature,this article verifies the origin of its name“Lele”.It is believed that the Cart received this name because of the sound"Le Le"produced by the friction of wheels and axle when driving.In the central and eastern parts of Inner Mongolia and the western part of Heilongjiang where Han and Mongolian live together,people call it Lele in Chinese.勒勒车(Lele Cart)is also written as■■车(Luoluo Cart)、罗罗车(Luoluo Cart)、辘轳车(Lulu Cart),etc.in Chinese literature.These are four different written forms for Lele Cart in spoken language,with consistency in connotation.■■车(Luoluo Cart)had been seen in the literature in the late Qing Dynasty.勒勒车(Lele Cart)was only widely used in the middle and late Republic of China,eliminating the other three writing forms.