吴瑞甫《中西脉学讲义》脉学理念评析

Evaluation and Analysis on Pulse Theory in WU Rui-fu’s Zhong Xi Mai Xue Jiang Yi

吴瑞甫为近代享誉福建及东南亚的中西医汇通名家。他勇于接纳西医解剖生理学“心为脉之原”和脉波计、脉压计客观化研究的新知,对不整脉与重搏脉的心脏、动脉、瓣膜病变有充分认识,并提出“五脏死脉,皆心肺病”,以涵养传统中医学理论。其剖析溯源脉与经络之关联,从阴阳、气血、天人相应等层面,拓展脉法学术空间,承绪前贤脉诊认知理念,提出“浮沉迟数滑涩大缓”认知模型,并强调气血与脉势的基缘,指出上乘脉法在于阴嘘阳吸之脉势。吴瑞甫还认为辨正邪可判断病证的标本缓急,明脉势、脉神可审脉之元机,且有裨于断脉证取舍。

As a famous modern converging Chinese and western medicine experts in Fujian and Southeast Asia,WU Rui-fu was brave to accept the new knowledge of’’Heart as the Source of Pulse’’and objective research of pulse wave meter and pulse pressure meter in anatomy and physiology of western medicine.He had a full understanding of the heart,artery and valve diseases of the irregular and dicrotic pulse.To cultivate the theory of traditional Chinese medicine,it is also proposed that’’all the die-pulse of five internal organs are cardiopulmonary disease’’.He traced the relationship between pulse and meridian and expanded the academic space of pulse method from the aspects of Yin-yang,Qi-blood,heaven and man.Accepting the previous cognitive concept of pulse diagnosis,he put forward the cognitive model of’’folating,sinking,slow,rapid,smooth,astringent,large,relaxed’’,emphasized the basic relationship between Qi-blood and pulse potential.He also pointed out superior pulse method lies were in the pulse potential of Yin hush and Yang absorption.WU Rui-fu also believed that distinguishing between right and evil can judge the specimen urgency of disease and syndrome,and clarifying the pulse potential and Maishen can judge the Yuanji,which is conducive to the choice of broken pulse syndrome.