杂史类考辨——兼论典籍类属变易的影响因素

A Textual Research on Category of Zashi With Discussions on Factors Affecting the Classification of Ancient Books

杂史类是我国传统四部分类法之史部二级类目,肇自《隋书·经籍志》,其后官私目录皆有沿袭与模仿。作为辨义类目,杂史类的著录范围历代多有调整,但都遵循《隋书·经籍志》所奠定的杂史文类观,其内在意涵更是被修史者泛化为广义上的杂史文类。到清代修《四库全书总目》时才对杂史类拟出较为科学的著录标准。然而,历代曾被归入杂史类的典籍往往类属变易频仍,主要因为杂史类以义立类的局限性和典籍内容的复杂性,也取决于修史者的主观裁决与权宜心态。

Zashi(books of unofficial history),a sub-category of the ancient history book in ancient China′s four categorical classics,is said to be originated from Suishu Jingjizhi(Book of Sui:A Record of Classic Works),and has been set in official and private bibliographies since then.As a category established with differentiating,the recording scope of Zashi has been adjusted in the past dynasties following the concept of Zashi established in Suishu Jingjizhi,and the meaning of Zashi has even been generalized into a genre of unofficial history by historians.Only after the accomplishment of Siku Quanshu Zongmu(General Catalogue of Imperial Book Collections of Four Classics)in the Qing Dynasty,did they draw up a more scientific recording standard for Zashi.However,the descriptions of ancient books which had been recorded into Zashi in the past dynasties change frequently,mainly due to the limitations of Zashi itself and the complexity of ancient books.In the final analysis of this paper,it depends on the subjective judgment and expedient mentality of the historiographers.