丧偶女性行冻融胚胎移植引发的伦理问题思考

Ethical considerations on frozen-thawed embryo transplantation in widowed women

现代辅助生殖技术的发展为死后人工生殖提供了技术可能。面对日益增多的死后人工生殖临床案例,尤其是丧偶女性要求行冻融胚胎移植的诉求越来越多,其对社会传统伦理和现行法律制度提出了严峻挑战。本文以“北京首例死后冻融胚胎移植案”为例,分别从死者、配偶及子女角度进行伦理思考,全面分析丧偶女性行冻融胚胎移植的利与弊。建议生殖机构在行冷冻胚胎前,夫妻双方共同签署的知情同意书中包含对死后冷冻胚胎的处理意见;建立健全人工生殖法律制定,以便更好的保障人民群众的合法权益,使死后人工生殖符合普通大众的伦理道德。

The development of assisted reproductive technology has made the posthumous artificial reproduction to the technologically feasible.Facing the increasing number of clinical cases of posthumous artificial reproduction,especially the increasing demands of widowed women for frozen-thawed embryo transfer,it poses a severe challenge to the social traditional ethics and the current legal system.Taking“the first case of frozen-thawed embryo transplantation in Beijing”as an example,this paper makes ethical thinking from the perspective of the deceased,spouse and children,and comprehensively analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of frozen-thawed embryo transfer for widowed women.It is suggested that the informed consent signed by the husband and wife should include the treatment opinions on the frozen embryos after death before the reproductive institutions freeze the embryos.Establish and improve the formulation of artificial reproduction laws in order to better protect the legitimate rights and interests of the people and make artificial reproduction after death in line with the ethics of the general public.