区际产业转移、空间关联与就业技能结构

Inter-Regional Industrial Transfer,Spatial Correlation and Skill Structure of Employment

构建区际产业转移对就业技能结构作用机理的理论模型,基于资本和技术空间流动的视角建立空间权重矩阵,采用1997-2019年中国大陆地区30个省份的面板数据,实证考察区际产业转移与空间关联对就业技能结构的影响。研究表明:从全国范围看,高技能就业具有负向空间溢出效应;区际产业转移对本地区高、中、低技能就业均存在显著促进作用,对周围地区低技能就业具有正向空间溢出效应。分区域看,转出地和转入地高、中、低技能就业均表现出显著的负向空间溢出效应;区际产业转移对转出地高、低技能就业和转入地中等技能就业分别存在显著促进作用,但空间溢出效应并不明显。进一步细分转入地后发现,区际产业转移对中部地区就业技能结构的直接影响和空间溢出效应均为正且显著;相比之下,对西部地区就业技能结构的影响有待进一步加强。为实现产业结构与就业技能结构双重优化,应进一步扩大区际产业转移规模,加强顶层设计和统筹协调,提升劳动者就业和职业转换能力,加大基础设施和人力资本建设投资力度。

By constructing a theoretical model to explain the influence mechanism of inter-regional industrial transfer on skill structure of employment,building the spatial weight matrix from the perspective of inter-regional flows of capital and technology,using Provincial-level panel data(except Tibet)during 1997-2019 in China,this paper examines the effects of inter-regional industrial transfer and spatial correlation on skill structure of employment.The empirical analysis indicates that employment for highskilled labor shows a significant negative spatial spillover effect nationwide.Inter-regional industrial transfer has positive effects on local employments for high-,medium-and low-skilled labor,and has a positive spillover effect on employment for low-skilled labor in neighboring regions.In terms of region,local employments for high-,medium-and low-skilled labor in both transfer-out and transfer-in regions show significant negative spatial spillover effect.Regional industrial transfer has positive effects on employments for high-and low-skilled labor in transfer-out region and on employments for mediumskilled labor in transfer-in region,but it shows no significant spatial spillover effect.After a further segmentation of the transfer region,it is found that the direct impact and spatial spillover effect of regional industrial transfer on the skill structure of employment in the central region are positive and significant;By contrast,the impact on the skill structure of employment in the western region needs to be further strengthened.To optimize both industrial structure and skill structure of employment,we should further expand the scale of inter-regional industrial transfer,strengthen top-level design and overall coordination,enhance workers’ability in employment and job transfer,and increase investment in infrastructure and human capital accumulation.