高铁酸钾联合表面活性剂去除紫甘蓝、生菜中农药残留的条件优化

Optimization on removal conditions of pesticide residues in purple cabbage and lettuce using potassium ferrate combined with surfactant

该研究以鲜切蔬菜中常见的紫甘蓝和生菜为研究对象,通过浸泡毒死蜱、乐果、丁硫克百威、联苯菊酯等农药导致叶面吸附而模拟农残超标,以响应面法优化高铁酸钾(K_(2)FeO_(4))的清洗条件,并添加表面活性剂椰子油脂肪酸二乙醇酰胺(coconut oil fatty acid diethanolamide,CDEA)以提高蔬菜叶面农残的去除效果。结果表明,在28℃、0.6 g/L的K_(2)FeO_(4)清洗15 min的最优条件下,添加20 g/L CDEA使毒死蜱、乐果、丁硫克百威在紫甘蓝中去除率达77.35%、73.56%、70.12%,在生菜中达82.34%、78.11%、79.58%;添加80 g/L CDEA使联苯菊酯在紫甘蓝和生菜中的去除率分别为70.57%、74.48%。研究表明,K_(2)FeO_(4)结合CDEA是一种高效的农残去除剂,可推广应用于鲜切蔬菜的加工处理。

In this study,purple cabbage and lettuce were used as raw material and soaked in chlorpyrifos,dimethoate,carbofuran,bifenthrin pesticides resulting in leaf pesticide adsorption exceed the maximum residue limits.The washing treatment by potassium ferrate(K_(2)FeO_(4))was optimized by using the response surface methodology and the best parameters for removing vegetable pesticide residues was determined.Moreover,as a surfactant,the coconut oil fatty acid diethanolamide(CDEA)was added to improve the removal effect of pesticide residues on vegetables.The results showed that under the optimal conditions of 28℃and 0.6 g/L K_(2)FeO_(4) cleaning for 15 min,the removal rates of chlorpyrifos,dimethoate and carbosulfan in purple cabbage could reach 77.35%,73.56%and 70.12%by adding 20 g/L CDEA.In lettuce,the removal rates were 82.34%,78.11%and 79.58%.While the removal rate of bifenthrin were 70.57%and 74.48%by the addition of 80 g/L of CDEA in purple cabbage and lettuce,respectively.Therefore,the results showed that potassium ferrate combined with the surfactant was an effective pesticide residue remover,which could be widely used in fresh cut vegetables processing.