利用NIRS技术对某奶牛场粗饲料质量进行评价

Evaluation of roughage quality in a dairy farm using NIRS technology

试验旨在探究天津一奶牛养殖场粗饲料质量,比较各种类粗饲料的利用情况。试验对该养殖场的羊草、燕麦草、梯牧草、苜蓿、小黑麦、全株玉米青贮等6类共8种粗饲料按照规范进行了样品采集,并利用近红外检测技术进行了指标测定和质量评价。结果显示,3种苜蓿干草粗蛋白含量最高,均达到18%以上,显著高于其他粗饲料(P<0.05),羊草粗蛋白最低;羊草、燕麦草和梯牧草的中性洗涤纤维含量均在60%以上,显著高于苜蓿、小黑麦和全株玉米青贮(P<0.05);全株玉米青贮的非结构性碳水化合物、非纤维性碳水化合物、粗脂肪的含量以及总可消化养分、产奶净能均显著高于其他组(P<0.05)。研究表明,8种粗饲料各营养组分含量差异较大,奶牛场可利用NIRS技术并结合奶牛营养需要和生产实际进行合理配方设置。

The purpose of the experiment was to explore the quality of roughage in a dairy farm in Tianjin,and to compare the utilization of various types of roughage.In the experiment,samples of eight types of roughages in six categories,including Leymus chinensis,oat grass,timothy grass,alfalfa,triticale and whole-plant corn silage,were collected in accordance with the specifications,and used NIRS technology for index determination and quality evaluation.The result showed that the crude protein content of the three kinds of alfalfa hay was the highest,all reaching more than 18%,which was significantly higher than that of other roughages(P<0.05),and that of Leymus chinensis was the lowest.The neutral detergent fiber of Leymus chinensis,oat grass and echelon grass was more than 60%,which was significantly higher than that of alfalfa,triticale and whole plant corn silage(P<0.05).The non structural carbohydrates,non fiber carbohydrates,crude fat,total digestible nutrients and net energy of milk production of whole plant corn silage were significantly higher than those of other groups(P<0.05).The study indicates that the content of each nutrient component of the eight kinds of roughage is quite different,and the dairy farm can use the NIRS technology and combine the nutritional needs of dairy cows and the actual production to set a reasonable formula.