浅谈油气井开发环境敏感断裂现象

Environmental sensitive fracture in oil and gas well development

随着油气田开发需求的增加,深井的开采应用变得广泛,所需钢等装备材料的强度要求越来越高,高强度钢遇到不同介质和环境性能会下降,因此油气井装备的关键部件会出现裂痕和其他严重的损坏,产生的安全问题不可忽视,会造成重大事故隐患,环境污染、人员伤害和财产损失等问题。如果管柱存在锈蚀和其他损坏缺陷,在正常作业的同时,承受不同的拉拔、压缩、内部承压等情况,导致管柱出现裂纹,使管壁韧性下降,导致严重的脆性变化,发生断裂。面对突发事件,各种安全应急措施都会失效,从而面对危害,发生不可预见的重大事故。

With the increasing demand for oil and gas field development,the mining and application of deep wells have become more and more extensive,and the strength requirements of the required steel and other equipment materials have become higher and higher,and the environmentally sensitive fracture phenomenon of high-strength steel has increased.The decline of steel's resistance to environmentally sensitive fractures leads to sudden cracking or fracture of equipment in oil and gas field development,such as tubing,casing and drill pipe,which is very dangerous and will cause casualties,major environmental problems and economic losses.If there are pitting corrosion pits in the pipe string,under the action of tension or internal pressure,it will transform into cracks,which will reduce the toughness of the pipe wall and cause brittle fracture in severe cases.