马路零工群体研究:“再认识”与“再出发”——基于对H市零工市场农民工的调查

Re-understanding and Re-starting:A Study of Casual Laborers Group Based on the Survey of Migrant Workers in the Labor Market of H City

马路零工群体是农民工群体中的一种特殊类型。为对马路零工群体进行深层次认知,解决当下马路零工群体自身面临的困境,推进非正规劳务市场的治理体系和治理能力现代化,对H市马路零工市场的农民工进行了实地调查。调查结果显示:(1)马路零工群体内部分化,可以分为候鸟型、主业型、兼业型、休闲型4种类型;(2)农民工选择马路零工工作,除了就业排斥的“推力”之外,马路零工自身优势形成的“拉力”作用不可忽视;(3)马路零工的“站马路”不是简单的“等活”,而具有多种功能。除了通过“站马路”获取工作机会外,通过关系网络获取就业机会也是重要途径;(4)通过“退路进室”的正规化手段,对马路零工市场的治理难以成功,源于马路零工的非正规就业模式,对这种非正规就业模式的运作机理认识非常重要。基于以上认识,新阶段的马路零工研究需要“再出发”。

Casual laborers are a special type of migrant workers.In order to make a deep understanding of casual laborers group,this paper made a field survey on migrant workers in labor market in H city,to help solve difficulties faced by casual laborers group,and modernize the informal labor market.The survey results showed that:(1)casual laborers group can be divided into four types:migratory type,core business type,part-time type and leisure type.(2)In addition to the“push”of employment exclusion,the“pull”effect formed by the advantages of casual laborers group cannot be ignored.(3)casual laborers“waiting on the roadside”is not simple“looking for a job”,but with a variety of functions.In addition to obtaining job opportunities through“waiting on the roadside”,obtaining employment opportunities through relationship networks is also an important way.(4)It is difficult to successfully manage the road labor market through the formal means of“back to the indoors”,which is derived from informal employment mode of casual laborers.It is very important to understand the operation mechanism of this informal employment mode.Based on the above understanding,research on casual laborers in the new stage needs to find new perspectives.