多不饱和脂肪酸的哺乳期妇女摄入状况与母乳中含量水平的相关性研究——以南京市为例

Association Between Intakes of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids(PUFAs)During Lactation and PUFA Level of Breast Milk——Taking Nanjing City As An Example

目的:探讨哺乳期妇女多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)摄入情况与母乳中PUFA水平的相关性。方法:于南京市纳入110名产后30~50天的健康哺乳期妇女作为研究对象,进行3天膳食调查(即时性图像法),用膳食数据库计算能量及各PUFA摄入量。采集母乳后,应用气相色谱法测定母乳PUFA水平。应用SPSS 26.0对PUFA摄入与母乳5种PUFA水平的相关性进行统计学分析。结果:研究对象日均能量摄入为2044.28 kcal,ω-6和ω-3两种PUFA占能量的百分比分别为6.28%和0.89%,亚油酸(LA)、α-亚麻酸(ALA)、二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)的日均摄入水平为14.61、1.83、50.94 mg/d,LA摄入量和花生四烯酸(ARA)的摄入量间呈现强的正相关性(r=0.656,P<0.01)。母乳中LA百分含量为23.76%、ALA为1.63%、ARA为0.53%、DHA为0.16%、二十碳五烯酸(EPA)为0.08%。ALA、ARA、DHA摄入量分别与母乳中ALA、ARA、DHA含量有一定正相关(P<0.05)。EPA摄入量与母乳中DHA含量以及DHA摄入量与母乳中ALA含量均呈一定正相关性(P<0.05)。结论:南京市江宁区哺乳期妇女除DHA摄入量较低,其余PUFA摄入量适宜。母乳中EPA和DHA水平偏低。PUFA的摄入与母乳中PUFA水平有一定的相关性。

Objective To investigate the association between the intakes of polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFAs)and the level of PUFA in breast milk.Method Totally 110 healthy lactating women in Nanjing city at 30~50 days of postpartum were recruited and instructed to maintain a 3-day dietary record using the method of instant photography.Dietary energy and PUFA intakes were calculated by the dietary database,combined with supplements intakes.Breast milk FA levels were detected using capillary gas chromatography.All statistical analysis was performed using SPSS Version 26.0.Result The median daily dietary energy intake was 2044.28 kcal.ω-6 andω-3 PUFA as a percentage of total energy(%E)were 6.28%E and 0.89%E.The intakes of linoleic acid(LA),α-linolenic acid(ALA)and docosahexaenoic acid(DHA)were 14.61 g/d,1.83 g/d and 50.94 mg/d,respectively.The LA intakes and the arachidoic acid(ARA)intakes were highly correlated(r=0.656,P<0.01).The relative concentration of LA,ALA,ARA,DHA and eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA)in breast milk were 23.76%,1.63%,0.53%,0.16%and 0.08%,respectively.The intakes of ALA,ARA and DHA had positive correlation with the level of ALA,ARA and DHA in breast milk,respectively(P<0.05).Also,the EPA intake had a positive correlation with the DHA levels,the DHA intake was positively correlated with the ALA levels in breast milk(P<0.05).Conclusion In addition to the low intake of DHA,the intakes of other PUFA were suitable for lactating mothers of Nanjing.The levels of EPA and DHA in breast milk were low,and there is a certain correlation between the intakes of PUFA and the PUFA level in breast milk.