平台模式下零工劳动的政治经济学解读

A Political Economic Reading of Gig Labor in The Platform Mode

数字经济的发展使得以平台为链接的零工劳动成为数字时代特殊的劳动方式。零工劳动的出现使得传统的劳动价值生成方式和劳动者的组织方式遭到挑战。由于网络平台的外部性,零工劳动过程实现了从“工厂”向“社会”的蔓延,带来了资本对社会的总体吸纳;数字平台模式下的算法技术通过对相关性的分析,实现了借助于“算法最优时间”对劳动过程的控制和劳动价值的衡量。数字平台模式下的零工劳动将平台的中介化发展到主体化,带来了劳资权力的不对称,同时造成了数字平台的负外部性问题。平台经济所形成的嵌套层级构架需要新型的社会关系结构,因此平台模式下零工劳动的发展所形成的嵌套层级构架呼唤着对社会关系的重组。

With the development of digital economy,gig labor linked by platform has become a special way of labor in the digital era.Its emergence challenges the traditional way of labor value formation and the organization of workers.Due to the externality of the network platform,the gig labor process has spread from“factory”to“society”,which has brought the total subsumption of capital to society.Through the analysis of correlation,the algorithm technology manages to realize the control of labor process and the measurement of labor value with the help of“algorithm optimal time”.The digital platform model of gig labor transforms the intermediation of the platform into subjectivation,bringing about an asymmetry of labor power while creating the problem of negative externalities of the digital platform.The nested hierarchical structure created by the platform economy requires a new type of social relations structure.The nested hierarchy created by the development of gig labor under the platform model therefore calls for a restructuring of social relations.