漫顶溃坝尾砂流演进模拟及避险转移方案分析

Modeling of tailings flow evolution caused by overtopping and analysis of evacuation scheme

为分析尾矿库漫顶溃坝尾砂流对下游人民生命财产的影响,基于RNG k-ε湍流模型和泥沙冲刷模型构建了尾矿库漫顶溃坝水动力学数值模型,并通过室内水槽溃坝试验验证了该模型的有效性。同时以江西省永平铜矿燕仓尾矿库5号副坝为例,模拟了漫顶溃坝引起的下泄尾砂流演进过程,并从流速、泥沙淤积厚度、淹没深度、淹没范围等方面分析了下泄尾砂流对下游居民、村庄、公路和农田等可能造成的影响。在此基础上,制定了下游受灾居民的疏散、撤离和避险转移方案。结果表明:下游新岩前村基本没有受到溃坝尾砂流影响,而塘棣源村受到了溃坝尾砂流冲击或淤埋等严重影响。研究成果可为类似工程规模的尾矿库应急抢险、灾害风险防治和避险转移方案制定提供理论参考。

To evaluate the impacts of tailings flow caused by overtopping of tailings dam on the downstream people’s lives and property,a tailings dam overtopping hydrodynamic model based on the RNG k-εturbulence model and sediment erosion model was established.The effectiveness of the model was validated through a laboratory flume experiment.The No.5 auxiliary dam of Yancang tailings reservoir of Yongping Copper Mine in Jiangxi Province was taken as a typical case to simulate the evolution process of discharged tailings flow due to overtopping,and the impacts of tailings flow on the downstream people,villages,roads and farmlands were evaluated based on the velocity of tailings flow,thickness of sediment deposition,inundation depth and area.Based on these,the evacuation and safety transfer schemes for the downstream affected residents were formulated.The results indicated that the downstream Xinyanqian village was barely affected by the tailings flow,while the Tangdiyuan village was seriously affected by the impact or siltation of tailings flow.The research outcomes can provide important references for the emergency rescue,mitigation of disaster risk and formulation of transfer schemes for the tailings reservoirs with a similar engineering scale.