德国全日制小学课后服务模式研究--以柏林州为例

Study on the After-school Service Mode in German Full-time Primary Schools--Taking Berlin as an Example

进入21世纪,德国启动了由半日制小学转向全日制小学的大规模基础教育改革,小学的课后服务也逐步从原来的由公益性托管中心提供转为由全日制学校承担。2015年,德国柏林州的小学全部实现了全日制改革转型,其提供的课后服务在服务时间、服务内容与形式、提供服务的主体、提供服务的人员、保障服务的经费等方面具有很多新颖的做法,整体上体现出四个方面的经验与启示:始终将课后服务视为政府责任,突出课后服务的公益性质;兼顾各方需求,突出课后服务的需求导向;丰富课后服务的内容和形式,突出课后服务的教育价值;制定完善的政策法规,确保课后服务的规范性。

Since the 21st century,Germany has started the large-scale basic education reform which switches the educational system from half-day to all-day primary school.After-school services of German primary schools were provided by non-profit childcare centers before,but now full-time schools have taken responsibility to offer the services.In 2005,all primary schools in Berlin completed full-time transformation.Many novel approaches of after-school services have been provided in Berlin's primary schools.They involve service time,content and form,service entity,service provider,funds for service guarantee and so on.There are four aspects of experience and enlightenment presented as a whole:after-school services are always regarded as the government responsibility,highlighting the non-profit nature;the needs of all parties are well considered all along,emphasizing the demand-oriented character;both the form and content of after-school services are enriched all the time,highlighting the educational value;a series of comprehensive policies and regulations have been established,ensuring the normalization of after-school services.