美国联邦政府对处境不利家庭育儿支持的政策路径、有效举措与特征--来自孕产妇与婴幼儿家庭访问项目(MIECHV)的经验

Policy Path,Effective Measures and Characteristics of Support for The Nurturing and Education of Disadvantaged Families in the United States

为促进处境不利儿童更好发展,增加他们获得学业成功的机会,美国联邦政府立法授权启动了孕产妇与婴幼儿家庭访问项目。该项目是联邦政府对各州原有家访项目的重大支持与扩展,实证研究显示其效果显著。而孕产妇与婴幼儿家庭访问项目之所以成效显著,是因为其拥有合理的政策路径,并采取了如下有效举措:与处境不利家庭建立相互尊重、彼此信任的关系;全面深入了解处境不利家庭的现状与需求;为处境不利家庭制定独特的动态支持计划。孕产妇与婴幼儿家庭访问项目作为支持处境不利家庭育儿的一项政策措施,具有综合性、针对性、专业性、持续性等特征。MIECHV项目对我国政府为处境不利家庭育儿提供社会支持具有借鉴意义。

To promote the better development of disadvantaged children and increase their chances of acquiring academic success,the U.S.Federal Government has implemented a home visit plan called the"The Maternal,Infant,and Early Childhood Home Visiting Program(MIECHV)".MIECHV is the federal government's support and expansion of the home visit program in states.Empirical research shows that its effect is remarkable.The intervention steps of MIECHV on nurturing and education of disadvantaged families are as follows:establish a relationship of mutual respect and trust with disadvantaged families;assess disadvantaged children with their families from different aspects;design and implement a comprehensive intervention plan for children and families.The support for MIECHV on nurturing and education of disadvantaged families is comprehensive,targeted,professional and sustainable.MIECHV can be used as a reference for our government to provide social support for disadvantaged families.