不同植被恢复类型对煤炭物流园区废弃地土壤理化性质的影响

Effects of Different Vegetation Restoration Types on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties of Abandoned Land in Coal Logistics Park

[目的]探究煤炭物流园区废弃地不同植被恢复类型对土壤理化性质的影响,为类似废弃地的生态修复提供科学参考。[方法]以3种典型植被恢复类型(乔木混交林、灌木林和草地)土壤为研究对象,煤质裸地为对照,测定不同植被恢复类型下土壤的理化性质并进行差异性、相关性和主成分分析。[结果]①与裸地相比,乔木混交林、灌木林和草地经过10 a恢复以后,土壤总孔隙度分别增加了115.17%,62.06%,7.57%,土壤含水量增加了105.99%,71.21%,67.05%,而土壤容重减少了8.98%,5.13%,4.85%;②乔木混交林、灌木林土壤有机质含量明显增加,草地对碱解氮、速效钾含量有显著促进作用;碱解氮、速效磷含量在垂直方向均表现为显著的“表聚性”,而速效钾含量为显著深层聚集的特点;③有机质与碱解氮、速效磷、毛管孔隙均表现为显著正相关(p<0.05),碱解氮与速效磷表现为极显著正相关(p<0.01),即土壤有机质在改善土壤理化性质及养分循环方面具有重要作用。[结论]不同植被恢复类型土壤质量综合评价结果从高到低排序依次为:乔木混交林>灌木林>草地>裸地。乔木混交林、灌木林的种植可以有效改善煤炭物流园区废弃地土壤理化性质。

[Objective]The effects of different vegetation restoration types on soil physical and chemical properties in abandoned land of coal logistics park were explored in order to provide scientific reference for ecological restoration of similar abandoned land.[Methods]This research took soils of 3 typical vegetation restoration types(arbor mixed forest,shrub forest and grassland)as the research object,and the bare land was used as a control,the physical and chemical properties of the soil under different vegetation restoration types were measured,and the differences,correlations and principal components were analyzed.[Results]①Compared with the bare land,after ten years of restoration of arbor mixed forest,shrub forest and grassland,the total porosity of the soil increased by 115.17%,62.06%,7.57%respectively,and the contents of soil water increased by 105.99%,71.21%,67.05%respectively,while the soil bulk decreased by 8.98%,5.13%,4.85%respectively.②The content of soil organic matter in arbor mixed forest and shrub forest increased significantly,and grassland promoted the content of alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and available potassium significantly.The content of alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and available phosphorus showed significant“surface aggregation”in the vertical direction,while the content of available potassium showed a significant deep accumulation.③Organic matter showed a significant positive correlated with alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen,available phosphorus,and capillary porosity(p<0.05),and alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and available phosphorus showed an extremely significantly positively correlation(p<0.01),that meant,soil organic matter played an important role in improving soil physical and chemical properties and nutrient cycling.[Conclusion]The soil quality of different restoration types showed an order as:arbor mixed forest>shrub forest>grassland>bare land.The planting of arbor mixed forest and shrub forest can effectively improve the physical and chemical properties of soil in the abandoned land of coal logistics park.