高血压患者多病共存现状研究

Analysis of multiple disease coexistence in patients with hypertension

目的分析高血压患者多病共存现状,为高血压防治工作提供借鉴资料。方法以2019年3月至2020年12月在郑州市某医院高血压科就诊并签约管理的高血压患者作为研究对象,采用自制调查问卷收集高血压合并其他慢性疾病情况,对调查结果进行描述性分析。结果本研究共纳入3942例高血压患者,其中男性2048例,女性1894例;年龄37~78岁,平均(53.9±6.8)岁;高血压病程1~18年,平均(6.2±1.9)年;高血压分级:血压高值1172例,1级高血压1843例,2级高血压832例,3级高血压95例。共有多病共存者1847例,发生率为46.85%。其中共存1种疾病1316例,占71.25%,共存2种疾病464例,占25.12%,共存3种及以上疾病67例占3.63%。不同性别、年龄、吸烟、饮酒、体育锻炼、高血压病程、高血压分级的高血压患者多病共存患病率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01),其中男性、70~78岁、吸烟、饮酒、体育锻炼未达标、高血压病程16~18年、3级高血压患者多病共存患病率更高。高血压患者共存疾病中排在前3位的是血脂异常(587例、31.78%)、2型糖尿病(510例、27.61%)、冠心病(432例、23.39%),其次为骨质疏松(384例、20.79%)、慢性阻塞性肺疾病(272例、14.73%)、脑梗死(156例、8.45%)、慢性肾病(113例、6.12%)。结论高血压多病共存患者比例较高且共存疾病种类较多,常见的共存疾病是血脂异常、2型糖尿病、冠心病等,应针对高血压患者多病共存特点加强防治干预,积极控制血压的同时减少共存疾病的发生,提升高血压患者生活质量。

Objective To analyze the status of multiple disease coexistence in patients with hypertension to pro‐vide reference data for preventing and treating hypertension.Methods Hypertensive patients treated and contracted for management in the hypertension department of a hospital in Zhengzhou from March 2019 to December 2020 were selected as the research subjects.A self‐made questionnaire was used to collect hypertension complicated with other chronic diseas‐es,and a descriptive analysis of the survey results was carried out.Results A total of 3942 patients with hypertension were included in this study,including 2048 males and 1894 females,aged 37-78 years,with an average of(53.9±6.8)years.The course of hypertension ranged from 1 to 18 years,with an average of(6.2±1.9)years.Classification of hyper‐tension:1172 cases of high blood pressure,1843 cases of grade 1 hypertension,832 cases of grade 2 hypertension,and 95 cases of grade 3 hypertension.There were 1847 cases of multiple diseases,with an incidence of 46.85%.Among them,1316 cases coexisted with one disease,accounting for 71.25%,464 cases coexisted with two diseases,accounting for 25.12%,and 67 cases coexisted with three or more diseases,accounting for 3.63%.There were significant differences in the prevalence of multiple diseases coexistence among patients with hypertension of different gender,ages,smoking,drinking,physical exercise,course of hypertension,and grade of hypertension(P<0.05 or P<0.01).The prevalence of multiple diseases coexistence was higher in males,70-78 years old,smoking,drinking,physical exercise did not meet the standard,16-18 years of course of hypertension,and grade 3 hypertension.In the coexisting diseases of hypertension,the top 3 were dyslipidemia(587 cases,31.78%),type 2 diabetes(510 cases,27.61%),and coronary heart disease(432 cases,23.39%),followed by osteoporosis(384 cases,20.79%),chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(272 cas‐es,14.73%),cerebral infarction(156 cases,8.45%),and chronic renal disease(113 cases,6.12%).Conclusion The proportion of hypertensive with multiple diseases is high,and there are many types of coexisting diseases.The common co‐existing diseases are dyslipidemia,type 2 diabetes,coronary heart disease,and so on.Prevention and intervention should be strengthened according to the characteristics of hypertension patients with multiple diseases,active control of blood pressure while reducing the occurrence of coexisting diseases,so as to improve the quality of life of hypertensive patients.