马铃薯干式清土装置试验研究

Experimental Study on Potato Dry Cleaning Device

针对我国马铃薯采后清洗作业方式多为直接水洗,缺少与其配套的干洗预处理环节而极大地影响马铃薯清洗效果的问题,在前期研发的基础上,对设计的马铃薯干式清土装置进行了优化改进,提出了一种基于错位对向搓送组合的马铃薯干式清土技术,并阐述了其清土作业原理,确定了关键部件的结构及工作参数,分析了马铃薯在清土作业过程中的动力学特性。选取喂入量、橡胶链杆转速、毛刷辊转速作为试验因素,伤薯率、泥土去净率为试验指标,运用Box-Behnken试验设计方法对马铃薯干式清土装置进行了试验研究,建立了响应面数学模型,以伤薯率和泥土去净率为指标对各因素的影响规律进行分析,并进行了参数综合优化。试验结果表明:各因素对伤薯率影响显著顺序为喂入量>橡胶链杆转速>毛刷辊转速;对泥土去净率影响显著顺序为喂入量>毛刷辊转速>橡胶链杆转速;确定较优参数组合为:当喂入量3t/h、橡胶链杆转速23r/min、第1、3刷辊转速为38r/min、第2、4刷辊转速为53r/min时,伤薯率为0.31%,泥土去净率为91.11%,符合马铃薯清洗作业要求。

Aiming at the problem that the post-harvest potato cleaning methods in our country are mostly direct water washing,the lack of matching dry-cleaning pretreatment links greatly affects the potato cleaning effect.Based on the preliminary research and development,the potato dry cleaning device was optimized and improved,and a potato dry cleaning technology based on the misaligned counter rubbing combination was proposed.The potato rolls between the brush roller and the rubber chain rod.The potato constantly rubs against the brush roller and the rubber rod to remove the topsoil on the potato surface.The feeding amount,the speed of rubber chain rod and the speed of brush roller were selected as the experimental factors,and the rate of potato damage and soil removal were used as the experimental performance indexes.Based on the single factor experiment,the central combination experiment method of Box-Behnken was used to conduct experimental research on the working parameters of potato brush and rolling type soil cleaning device.The mathematical model of the response surface was established,and the influence of each factor on the quality of operation was analyzed.At the same time,the influence factors are comprehensively optimized.The experiment results showed that the order of the main factors affecting of the potato damage rate was obtained as follow:feed quantity>speed of rubber chain rod>speed of brush roller;the experiment results showed that the order of the main factors affecting of the soil removal rate was obtained as follow:feed quantity>speed of brush roller>speed of rubber chain rod.In 2019,three repeated tests were conducted at the test base of jiangsu ligong fruit and vegetable machinery co.,LTD.,taizhou city,jiangsu province,to verify the accuracy of the model.The field test showed that the best parameters were as bellow:when the feed quantity was 3t/h,the rotation speed of rubber chain rod was 23r/min,the speed of the first and third brush rollers was 38r/min,and the speed of the second and fourth brush rollers was 53r/min.At this time,the injury potato rate was 0.31%,Soil removal rate was 91.11%,The experimental results showed that the results were consistent with the optimization results.