基于驱动力矩数学模型的施肥除草机设计

Design and Test of the Integrated Machine of Fertilization and Weeding Based on Driving Moment

为解决水稻分蘖期施肥和除草作业中普遍存在的环节繁杂、环境污染严重、营养分布不均等问题,设计了一种基于驱动力矩的、可一次完成水稻分蘖期施肥和除草作业的施肥除草一体机,并以此为基础进行相关的测试。试验结果表明:前进速度为0.40m/s、叶片开口直径16mm时,均匀性施肥量均值为0.20g,且施肥均匀性变异系数达到最小值21.7%。机具实践性能试验结果显示:叶片开口直径16mm、机具前进速度0.40m/s、给定施肥量为67.5kg/hm^(2)时,施肥量偏差最小,低于3.54%。通过以上试验可知:机具的除草率始终大于78%,与行进速度无关,能够满足现阶段田间作业对于施肥和除草的需求。

There are many problems in rice fertilization and weeding in tillering stage,such as complicated links,serious environmental pollution,uneven distribution of nutrition,etc.Therefore,this paper mainly introduces the electric double row deep fertilization and weeding machine with both fertilization and weeding functions.The control system of this design mainly includes the fertilizing system and the moving system of the equipment.The two parts are designed in the way of quadratic orthogonal rotation combination.The main test elements are the moving speed of the machine and the opening diameter of the blade.The main evaluation objective is the average value of the uniform fertilizing amount and the coefficient of variation of the uniformity.The fertilizer discharging performance of the deep fertilizing device is tested,and the final result is The results show that when the forward speed is 0.40m/s and the diameter of the leaf opening is 16mm,the average fertilization amount is 0.20g,and the variation coefficient of fertilization uniformity reaches the minimum value,which is 21.7%.According to the results of the practical performance test of the machine,when the diameter of the blade opening reaches 16mm,the forward speed of the machine is kept at 0.40m/s,and the given fertilization amount is controlled at 67.5 kg/hm^(2),the deviation of fertilization amount is the smallest,about 3.54%.Through the above experiments,we can know that the weeding rate of the machine is always greater than 78%,and it is not affected by the moving speed.The integrated machine of fertilization and weeding designed by us can meet the needs of field operation for fertilization and weeding at this stage.