毛泽东对“农民革命性”理论的探索及其历史贡献

Mao Zedong’s Exploration intothe Theory of“the Peasants’Revolutionary Nature”and His Historical Contribution

毛泽东依据马克思主义阶级理论及其农民思想,结合自己对农民运动的现实考察得出了与马克思恩格斯有所不同的“农民革命性”理论。毛泽东的“农民革命性”理论认为中国农民与欧洲小资产阶级的农民不同,农民阶级因其饱受地主阶级压迫而具有革命性,是无产阶级坚实的盟友;但农民因其小农生产方式和思维又有其落后性,需要无产阶级的科学引导。毛泽东在新民主主义革命、社会主义革命和建设时期,经济上给予农民以正当的物质利益,政治上赋予农民以往未有过的权益,思想上提高农民的觉悟,致力于充分发挥“农民革命性”。毛泽东对“农民革命性”问题的探索与实践,具有重大的理论价值和历史意义。

Based on Marxist class theory and Marxist thought about peasants in combination with his own observation of the reality of the peasants’movements,Mao Zedong arrived at the theory of“the peasants’revolutionary nature”,which is different from Marx and Engels’peasant theory.Mao Zedong’s theory of“the peasants’revolutionary nature”holds that the Chinese peasants are different from the petty bourgeois peasants in Europe.He believes that the Chinese peasants under the oppression of the landlord class have a revolutionary nature and they are a staunch ally of the proletariat.However,with their small-scale peasant mode of production and backward thought,the Chinese peasants need the scientific guidance of the proletariat.Mao Zedong tried hard to inspire and give a full play to“the peasants’revolutionary nature”by providing the peasants with legitimate material interests economically,unprecedented rights politically,and improving the peasants’consciousness ideologically during the new-democratic revolution,socialist revolution and construction period.Mao Zedong’s exploration and practice are of great theoretical value and historical significance on the issue of“the peasants’revolutionary nature”.