法律规范立体结构:理论及其实证检验

Stereo Structure of Legal Norms:Theory and Empirical Analysis

既有法律规范逻辑结构理论认为法律后果或行为后果是一个完整法律规范的必要构成要素,但均有意或无意地局限于从单一立法层级分析法律规范,在解释中国特色社会主义法律体系时稍显不足。以“入法-定向-设标-明责”为概念工具的立体结构理论为解析法律规范逻辑结构开辟一种新的路径。立体结构理论关注到法律规范创制的动态过程,认为研究法律规范应将平面结构和立体结构相结合。通过逐一检验道路交通安全法所涵法律规范,可以发现我国确实存在法律规范立体结构的具体实践,且呈现出多种表现形式,可归纳为补全和补充两种组合方式。法律规范立体结构理论打开了立体看待法律规范逻辑结构和重塑要素关系的新视角,是契合中国立法实际、贡献中国智慧的法理探新。法律规范立体结构理论的应用不仅有利于破解宣示性、倡导性条款解释的迷雾,还将为提高地方立法质量提供有益的立法技术支撑。

The existing logical structure theories of legal norms hold that legal consequence or behavioral consequence is a necessary component of a complete legal norm,but is intentionally or unintentionally limited to analyzing legal norms from a single legislative level,and therefore is a bit deficient in explaining the socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics.The proposed stereo structure theory of“lawmaking-orientation-standard setting-explicit responsibility”will pave a novel and feasible way for analyzing the logical structure of legal norms.The stereo structure theory focuses on the dynamic process of legal norms creation and suggests that it is necessary to combine planar structure with stereo structure in studying legal norms.By examining the legal norms contained in the road traffic safety law one by one,we can find that the specific practice of stereo structure of legal norms does exist in China,and the stereo structure presents a variety of forms,which can be classified into two forms of combination,known as completion and supplement.The stereo structure theory of legal norms opens a new perspective from which to see the logical structure of legal norms and to reshape the relationship between various elements.It is a new exploration of jurisprudence that accords with the reality of Chinese legislation and contributes to Chinese wisdom.Meanwhile,the application of the stereo structure theory of legal norms is not only helpful in breaking the puzzle of the interpretation of declarative and advocacy clauses,but also supportive in improving the quality of local legislation in China in terms of legislative technique.