切削式鲜食玉米柔性脱粒装置设计与试验

Design and Test of Flexible Threshing Device for Cutting Fresh Corn

针对传统原理脱粒方式对鲜食玉米籽粒破碎率高、脱净率低等问题,设计了一种切削式鲜食玉米柔性脱粒装置,采用夹持输送辊与切削刀组合式的脱粒元件,实现了鲜食玉米果穗的柔性低损高效收获。通过对夹持输送辊及关键部件结构的理论分析,确定了夹持输送辊的关键参数;利用搭建的脱粒试验装置进行单因素试验,得到辊轴轴距、辊轴转速及弹簧长度对脱粒性能的影响关系。在此基础上,以辊轴轴距、辊轴转速和弹簧长度为试验因素,对破碎率和未脱净率进行三因素五水平二次回归正交组合试验。试验结果表明:辊轴轴距、辊轴转速和弹簧长度对破碎率与未脱净率均有显著影响;最优参数组合为辊轴轴距171.3mm、辊轴转速161.7r/min、弹簧长度98.8mm,对应的破碎率4.84%、未脱净率3.66%。通过5次重复试验,验证实际值与理论值基本吻合,符合要求,可为鲜食玉米果穗脱粒装置的研发提供参考。

Aiming at the problems of high crushing rate and low removal rate of fresh corn kernels by traditional threshing methods,a cutting-type flexible fresh corn threshing device is designed,which adopts the combined threshing element of clamping conveying roller and cutter to realize fresh corn.Eating corn ears can be harvested with flexibility,low damage and high efficiency.Through theoretical analysis of the structure of the gripping conveyor roller and its key components,the key parameters of the gripping conveyor roller are determined;the single factor test is carried out using the built threshing test device,and the roller shaft distance,roller speed and spring length are used to obtain the threshing performance Affect the relationship.On this basis,taking the roller wheelbase,roller speed and spring length as the test factors,the three-factor five-level quadratic regression orthogonal combination test was carried out on the crushing rate and the unremoved rate.The results showed that:the roller wheelbase,The roller speed and spring length have a significant impact on the crushing rate and the unremoved rate;the optimal parameter combination is 171.3mm roller shaft distance,161.7r/min roller speed,spring length 98.8mm,and the corresponding crushing rate is 4.84%,The net rate is 3.66%.Through 5 repeated tests,it is verified that the actual value is basically consistent with the theoretical value and meets the requirements,providing a reference for the research and development of the fresh corn ear threshing device.