分体式棉秆拔取切碎联合收获机的设计与试验

Design and Experiment of Split Cotton Stalk Extraction and Chopping Combine Harvester

为提高我国棉花秸秆的收获水平,设计了一种分体式棉花秸秆整株拔取切碎收获机,解决了现有棉花秸秆收获机不能收获根茬、漏拔率和拔断率高的问题。分体式棉花秸秆拔取切碎收获机由拔秆装置、捡拾装置、输送喂入装置、切碎装置、抛送装置、料箱和传动系统等组成。根据棉花秸秆收获农艺要求,采用2行齿盘式整株拔取装置,安装在拖拉机前部对行收获棉秆,拔出后的棉秆铺放到地面;设计了伸缩弹齿式捡拾装置,确定了捡拾筒的直径、捡拾弹齿的排布,实现了高效捡拾;采用盘刀式切碎装置将秸秆切碎后抛洒到地面或装料箱进行回收。采用3因素3水平的正交试验设计方法,分析了作业速度、齿盘速比、齿盘倾角对拔净率和棉秆切断长度的影响。田间试验结果表明:当作业速度为1.2 m/s、齿盘速比为0.8、齿盘倾角为10°时,分体式棉秆拔取切碎联合收获机的作业效果最好,拔净率为91.9%,切碎长度合格率为95.1%,满足棉秆收获需求。研究成果可为棉花秸秆的收获提供理论参考和装置支持,有助于加速棉花秸秆收获机械化进程。

In order to improve the harvesting level of cotton straw in China,a toothed disc cotton straw extraction and chopping harvester is designed to solve the problems that the existing cotton straw harvester can not harvest stubble,high missing and breaking rate.The toothed disc cotton straw picking and chopping harvester is composed of straw pulling device,picking device,conveying and feeding device,chopping device,throwing device,material box and transmission system.According to the agronomic requirements of cotton straw harvesting,a 2-row toothed disc cotton stalk extraction device is adopted,which is installed in the front of the tractor to harvest cotton stalks,and the extracted cotton stalks are laid on the ground;The telescopic pick-up device is designed,the diameter of the pick-up drum and the arrangement of pick-up teeth are determined,and the efficient pick-up is realized;The disc cutter is used to cut the straw and throw it onto the ground or loading box for recycling.The effects of operating speed,gear ratio and inclination angle on the net pulling rate and cotton stalk cutting length were analyzed by using the orthogonal experimental design method of three factors and three levels.The field test results showed that when the operating speed was 1.2m/s,the gear ratio was 0.8 and the inclination angle was 10°,the net pulling rate of the split cotton stalk pulling and chopping combine harvester was 91.9%and the qualified rate of chopping length was 95.1%,All performance indexes meet or exceed the design requirements and relevant standards,and meet the agronomic requirements of cotton straw harvest.The research results provide theoretical reference and device support for cotton straw harvesting,and help to accelerate the process of cotton straw harvesting mechanization.