带状深松全层施肥免耕播种机的设计与试验

Design and Test of No-till Planter with Strip Subsoiling and Layer Fertilization

针对我国北方一年一熟区秸秆覆盖量大、免耕播种开沟器易堵塞的问题,为适应北方高寒易旱区耕作技术模式,实现一次施肥满足作物不同生长期的养分需求,设计了一种带状深松全层施肥免耕精密播种机。该机采用深松铲与大波纹盘联合整地全层施肥,一次可完成深松、全层施肥、苗带整备、开沟播种及覆土镇压等作业。采用离散元法对带状深松全层施肥装置结构参数进行了仿真优化,并进行了田间试验,田间试验结果表明:当波纹盘间距为20mm、下肥角为35°时,苗带整备效果较好,机具通过性强,肥料分层效果较好,作业质量符合农艺要求。

According to the existing problems of no-till seeding in large straw covered field in one-cropping system area in north China,such as the opener blocking with residue.In order to meet the nutrient demand of different growing periods and adapt to the cultivation technology mode of the high cold and easy drought area in northeast China,a no-till precise planter with strip subsoiling and whole fertilization was designed.The subsoiler and large wavy coulter disc was used on planter for whole fertilization.The planter can complete deep loose,whole layer fertilizing,seedling belt preparation,furrow sowing,covering and compaction,etc.The discrete element method was used to simulate and optimize the structural parameters of strip subsoiling and whole fertilization unit.The field test results showed that when the spacing of wavy coulter disc was 20 mm and fertilizer landing angle was 35°,the preparation effect of seedling belt and whole layer fertilization was better,and the working quality can meet the agronomy requirements.