近40年新疆旅游气候舒适期的时空格局及其演变研究

Spatiotemporal Pattern and Evolution of Tourism Climate Comfort Period in Xinjiang in Recent 40 Years

针对日尺度的新疆旅游气候舒适期时空格局及其演变研究尚有缺位的现状,利用中国气象强迫数据集网格化的气候因子数据,采用温湿指数、风寒指数、着衣指数及综合舒适指数模型,分析了近40a新疆旅游气候舒适期的时空格局及其演变趋势.结果显示:①近40a新疆旅游气候舒适性总体在向偏暖等级改善,其中东疆、北疆变化幅度较大,南疆则相对平稳.②旅游气候舒适等级呈现由南向北、由盆地边缘向盆地中部逐渐减少的趋势,其高值区域主要分布在塔里木盆地西部和南部边缘区域,全年累计日数可达150~186d.③南疆和东疆舒适等级的初始日期普遍早于北疆,而终止日期晚于北疆.主要城市旅游气候舒适期可大致概括为春夏秋适宜型、春秋适宜型、夏季适宜型3种类型.④新疆主要城市旅游气候舒适等级的初始日期大多在提前,终止日期和累计天数变化各异.其中北疆城市的终止日期在推迟,而累计天数普遍以2~3d/10a的速率减少,南疆各城市的终止日期变化幅度不大,累计天数大多以4d/10a的速率增加.

In view of the lack of research on the spatial-temporal pattern and evolution of Xinjiang tourism climate comfort period on a daily scale,this paper analyzed the spatiotemporal pattern and evolution trend of Xinjiang Tourism Climate Comfort period in recent 40 years by using the gridded climate factor data of China Meteorological Forcing Data set,and the temperature and humidity index(THI),wind-cold index(WCI),index of cloth loading(ICL)and comprehensive comfort index(CCI)model.The results showed that:①In the past 40 years,the tourism climate comfort of Xinjiang has generally improved towards a warmer level.The changes in eastern Xinjiang and northern Xinjiang were relatively large,while in southern Xinjiang was relatively stable.②The tourist climate comfort level showed a trend of gradually decreasing from south to north,from the edge of the basin to the middle.The high-value areas were mainly distributed in the western and southern edges of the Tarim Basin,and the annual cumulative days can reach 150-186 days.③The start date of comfort level in southern and eastern Xinjiang was generally earlier than that in northern Xinjiang,while the end date was later than that in northern Xinjiang.The main urban tourism climate comfort period can be roughly summarized into three types:suitable for spring,summer,and autumn,suitable for spring and autumn,and suitable for summer.④The start dates of tourism climate comfort level of major cities in Xinjiang were mostly in advance,and the end dates and accumulated days varied differently.The end dates of cities in northern Xinjiang were postponed,and the accumulated days generally decreased at a rate of 2-3 d/10a.The end dates of cities in southern Xinjiang had small change,and the accumulated days were mostly increasing at a rate of 4 d/10a.