初任教师的情感压力及其缓解--基于情感劳动视野

Emotional Stress of Fresher Teachers and its Relief:Based on an Emotional Labor Perspective

近年来,情感劳动对学校教学工作的开展以及教师专业发展的重要性已得到广泛认同,但其多被视作提升教学效果的手段,情感劳动对教师心理的冲击则较少被提起。初任教师作为由学生向教师身份转变的特殊群体,其情感劳动频率更高,面临的情感压力更大。在明确教师情感劳动内涵与实践机制的基础上,发现初任教师由情感劳动产生的情感压力主要源于角色转换与形象一致性、教师职业特性和社会舆论。缓解初任教师的情感压力,可从增强初任教师角色认同,维持教师形象的一致性;创造有利的工作条件,保障初任教师工作自主权的落实;培养情感性的集体,为初任教师提供情感支持等方面进行。

In recent years,although the importance of emotional labor for school teaching and teachers'professional development has been widely recognized,it is mostly regarded as a means to enhance teaching effectiveness,and the psychological impact of emotional labor on teachers is less frequently mentioned.The fresher teachers,as a special group of teachers who have just changed from students to teachers,have a higher frequency of emotional labor and more emotional stress.Based on the clarification of the connotation and practice mechanisms of teachers'emotional labor,it was found that fresher teachers'emotional stress,arising from emotional labor,mainly originated from role change and image consistency,professional characteristics of teachers,and social opinions.Alleviating fresher teachers'emotional stress can be carried out by enhancing fresher teachers'role identity,maintaining consistency of teachers'image,creating favorable working conditions to ensure the implementation of fresher teachers'autonomy,and cultivating an emotional community to provide emotional support for fresher teachers.