我国残疾人职业教育实践理路70年(1951—2021)——基于国家政策文本的分析

The Practice of Vocational Education of Handicapped Persons for 70 years in China:from 1951 to 2021—Based on an Analysis of National Policy Documents

残疾人职业教育旨在让残疾人在高质量教育中提高就业能力,做到自食其力,以实现个体人生价值与社会共同富裕目标。透过政策文本可探究教育实践理路。文章通过对70年我国残疾人职业教育政策文本内外部分析发现,其历史演变经历从口号呼吁到深化落实、从培养适应性个体到培养职业型人才、从教康组合到教康整合。最后,针对政策发展困境,对残疾人职业教育在深化理论研究、推进制度建设、构建多主体支持模式上做出展望。

The vision of vocational education of handicapped persons is to improve their employ ability in high-quality education and to help them to be self-reliant,so that they are able to achieve the goal of individual life value and the common prosperity of society.Policy documents can be used to explore the path of the practice of education.Both external and internal analyses of China’s vocational education of handicapped persons policy documents issued for 70 years show that China’s vocational education of handicapped persons policy underwent three stages,characterized by the transformation from slogans to action,from cultivating adaptive individuals to cultivating professional talents,and from the combination of education and health to the integration of education and health.In response to the policy development dilemma,in the field of the vocational education of handicapped persons,some action should be taken in the future,including deepening theoretical research,promoting system construction,and building a multi-agent support mode.