《人物志》的结构体系及其文学史意义——兼论汉魏子书对结构系统性的追求

The Structural System of Personages and Its Significance in Literary History:Also on the Pursuit of Structural Systematicness in the Zishu of Han and Wei Dynasties

《人物志》篇次安排有严密的逻辑结构,须顺其篇第做其本身系统的理解。《九征》《体性》两篇为纲领,将人的才性做全面的揭示,并确立“以外见之符,验内藏之器”的观人原则。自《流业》至《英雄》六篇从不同角度划分人才类型,分析其特点及所宜从事之职务,以人物名实之相副应官司名分之差别,是《九征》《体性》所言人物才性在政治领域的具体体现。《八观》《七谬》《效难》论观人法,把《九征》《体性》观人原则具体化。末篇《释争》为全书附论。至于各篇,则皆为逻辑严谨的优秀论文。汉魏子书的重要变化之一是对结构系统性的明确追求,《人物志》是这一传统的产物和代表性成果,并使得体大思精的《文心雕龙》的出现顺理成章。

There is a strict logical structure in the chapter arrangement of Personages,which must be understood systematically according to its chapters.“Nine Signs”and“Nature”are two guiding pieces which comprehensively reveal people’s talent and establish the principle of observing people as“external symbols and internal instruments”.The six chapters from“Liu Ye”to“Hero”categorize talents from different angles,analyze their characteristics and the positions they should be given,and establish the correspondence between titles,characters and positions.“Eight Observances”,“Seven Fallacies”and“Evaluation Difficulty”discuss the methods of observing people,and concretize the principle of observing people in“Nine Signs”and“Nature”.The last chapter,“Abandoning Conflict”,is the obiter dictum.Each article is an excellent paper with rigorous logic.One of the important changes in the Han and Wei Zishu is the definite pursuit of structural systematicness,with Personages as a representative achievement,which paves the way for the extensive and penetrating Wenxin Diaolong to emerge.