罪的凝视——《卡拉马佐夫兄弟》中的“看”与“被看”

The Gaze of Sin:“To See”and“To Be Seen”in The Brothers Karamazov

无罪之人,在凝视有罪之人时,将有罪之人他者化,使其成为被看的对象,甚或成为一种景观。这就好比:读者,在凝视文本之时,将文本他者化,使其成为被看的对象。不过,当你远远凝视深渊时,深渊也在凝视你。“看”与“被看”,自我与他者,又是时刻变动着的。作为主体的自我有可能成为他者眼中的他者。《卡拉马佐夫兄弟》中的众看客对弑父案件凶手的凝视,一如上述的凝视怪圈。面对恶行与犯罪,不以审判者的姿态居高临下凝视,不成为恶的共谋者,而是反求诸己:如果我们大家表现得更好,他也就更好,就不会站在我们面前受审。这便是陀思妥耶夫斯基在《卡拉马佐夫兄弟》中想要告诫我们的。

The gaze of the innocent at the guilty transforms the latter into the other,the object of seeing,and even a spectacle,in the same way that the reader’s gaze renders the text the other and the object of seeing.But when you look into an abyss from a distance,the abyss looks into you as well.“To see”and“to be seen”,the ego and the other,are constantly changing.The ego as the subject may become the other in the eyes of the other.In The Brothers Karamazov,the gaze of the audience on the patricide case is like the circle of gaze introduced above.In the face of evil and crime,we should reflect on ourselves rather than gaze as a judge or become an accomplice.If we all behave better,so does he,and he will not have to be judged.This is what Dostoyevsky tries to tell us in The Brothers Karamazov.