北京市昌平区生肉及其制品、水产品和禽蛋等3类动物源食品中食源性致病菌检测结果分析

Analysis of Monitoring Results of Foodborne Pathogens in Raw Meat and Raw Meat Products,Aquatic Products and Eggs in Changping District of Beijing

目的:了解北京市昌平区生肉及其制品、水产品和禽蛋中食源性致病菌污染状况,为这3类动物源食品安全风险评估和监管提供科学依据。方法:采集生肉及其制品、水产品和禽蛋样品共计395件,按照《国家食品污染物和有害因素风险监测工作手册》要求进行食源性致病菌检测。结果:395件样品检出5种食源性致病菌共计66株,总检出率为16.71%。水产品检出率最高(24.66%),生肉及其制品次之(15.85%),禽蛋最低(1.52%),差异具有统计学意义(χ^(2)=17.674,P<0.05)。水产品中副溶血性弧菌检出率最高,且在不同种类水产品中检出差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=8.273,P<0.05)。生肉及其制品中单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌检出最多,金黄色葡萄球菌次之,两者差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=0.043,P=0.863)。单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌在冷却肉、冷冻肉中检出率高(χ^(2)=13.863,P<0.05),金黄色葡萄球菌则在鲜肉中检出率高(χ^(2)=18.048,P<0.05)。结论:北京市昌平区生肉及其制品、水产品和禽蛋中有不同程度的食源性致病菌检出,应长期持续监测,有关部门要做好监管,同时加强从业人员食品安全知识宣教,预防由此类食品引起的食源性疾病的发生。

Objective:In order to understand the contamination status of food-borne pathogens in raw meat and raw meat products,aquatic products and eggs in Changping district of Beijing,and to provide a scientific basis for food safety risk assessment and supervision.Method:A total of 395 samples of raw meat and its products,aquatic products and poultry eggs were collected,and food borne pathogens were detected according to The Requirements of the National Manual on Risk Monitoring of Food Pollutants and Harmful Factors.Result:A total of 66 strains of 5 kinds pathogenic bacteria were detected in 395 food samples,with a total positive rate of 16.71%.The highest detection rate was found in aquatic products(24.66%),followed by raw meat and raw meat products(15.85%),the detection rate of eggs was the lowest(1.52%),the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=17.674,P<0.05).The detection rate of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in aquatic products was the highest,there was statistically significant difference in the detection rate of Vibrio parahaemolyticus among different kinds of aquatic products(χ^(2)=8.273,P<0.05).The detection rate of Listeria monocytogenes in raw meat and raw meat products was the highest,followed by Staphylococcus aureus,the difference was no statistically significant(χ^(2)=0.043,P=0.863).The highest detection rate of Listeria monocytogenes was found in chilled meat and frozen meat(χ^(2)=13.863,P<0.05),but the highest detection rate of Staphylococcus aureus was found in fresh meat(χ^(2)=18.048,P<0.05).Conclusion:There are different degrees of foodborne pathogenic bacteria pollution in raw meat and raw meat products,aquatic products and eggs in Changping district of Beijing.In the future,the monitoring continuity will be strengthened,the relevant government departments should strengthen supervision,and food safety education shall be strengthened for food practitioners,to prevent the occurrence of foodborne diseases.