以徽州医者从医动因视角论析明清时期医者社会地位

On the Social Status of Doctors in Ming and Qing Dynasties:From the Perspective of Medical Motivation of Huizhou Doctors

通过考察徽州上百名医者传记,将医者从医之因分为世代为医、拒不仕清、居隐不仕、异人授业、儒(宦)而好医、科举不售、习医奉亲、立志学医等八种。抛去明清鼎革、拒绝仕清的特殊因素,这些医者对从医的姿态可窥见明清时期医者的社会地位。医者从医并不是自身的首要选择,多是无奈之举,而也正是这种无奈促进了民间医学的发达。

By investigating the biographies of hundreds of doctors in Huizhou,the author divides the reasons for doctors going into medicine into eight kinds:working as doctors from generation to generation,refusing to be an official for Qing Dynasty,living in seclusion without being an official,taught by unusual people,officials loving medicine,failing in the imperial examination,learning medicine to serve families,and studying medicine with determination.Leaving aside special factors of the dynasty changing between Ming and Qing and the rejection to be an official in Qing Dynasty,the social status of doctors in Ming and Qing can be seen from their attitudes to the entering of medical profession.It is not the first for doctors choice to go into medicine,but this kind of helplessness promotes the development of folk medicine.