基因编辑对社会公平非侵害性的另一种证成

An Alternative Justifcation of Gene Editing’s Non-Violation to Social Justice

基因工程技术的发展不断冲击着我们的道德观念与法律制度安排,在生命伦理学和法学等领域都引发了激烈的争论。反对者们最常诉诸的一个反对意见是,基因编辑会侵害或违背社会公平。这一反对意见具有循环论证性,且没能认真对待基因编辑技术发展关涉的核心问题,即何为社会公平,从而缺乏一种对社会正义的实质性理解。社会正义理论存在多元版本。基因编辑并未使我们处于德沃金意义上的“道德自由落体”状态中,这一结论仅对其资源平等理论版本有效。作为一种可行的替代理论,能力正义理论在应对基因编辑问题上更具优越性。基于能力正义理论,基因编辑技术并不有违社会公平,反而是促进社会公平的重要手段。

The development of genetic engineering technology constantly impacts our moral conception and legal institutional arrangements,and causes bitter controversies in the fields of bioethics and law.One of the most common objections to gene editing is that it violates or infringes on social justice.This opinion is a circular argument,and it fails to take the core issue of gene editing seriously,namely what is social justice,thus lacking a sensible substantive understanding of social justice.Theories of social justice is pluralistic.Gene editing does not put us in a state of“moral free fall”in Dworkin’s sense,which only holds true for his theory of equality of resources.As a feasible alternative theory,the social justice theory of capabilities has advantages in dealing with gene editing.Based on this theory,gene editing does not violate social justice,but it is an important means to promote social justice.