20世纪20年代“新诗集”序跋中的新诗本体观

New Poetry’s Ontology from the Prefaces and Postscripts of “New Poetry Collections” in 1920s

诗集序跋历来是记录与传播诗歌本体观念的重要载体。20世纪20年代,许多诗人或评论家借助“新诗集”的序跋,描绘他们建构新诗本体的诸种理想:就诗形而言,既倡导以诗体大解放为核心的自由体新诗观念,又不忘对新诗格律体的探索;就诗质来说,从“情感”“经验”“真实”等入手,多向度地规训新诗的思想意蕴与精神品格;就诗言而论,致力于破除旧诗“雅言”体系,确立以白话和方言俗语入诗的语言范式,同时对新诗“诗家语”做出初步探讨。草创期的“新诗集”序跋及时总结新诗发展过程中的经验教训,着重阐发新诗本体观念,有力推进了新诗创作与读者接受。

Prefaces and postscripts of poetry collections have always been the important carrier for recording and disseminating poetry ontology and thus indispensable literature for poetry criticism.In the 1920s,many poets and critics used such prefaces and postscripts of “New Poetry Collections” to describe various ideals of what new poetry should be like from the following aspects:Firstly,regarding the poetic forms,they not only advocated the concept of free poetic style with the core of great liberation,but also consciously delved into the metrical style of new poetry.Secondly,as far as the poetic quality is concerned,the ideological implication and spiritual character of new poetry should be disciplined from multiple perspectives such as “emotion”,“experience”,and “truth”.Lastly,as for the poetic language,it is devoted to breaking the “elegant words” system of the old poetry,to establishing the language paradigm of formatting poetry with vernacular and dialect,and at the same time making a preliminary theoretical discussion on the “poetic diction” of the new poetry.The prefaces and postscripts of the new poetry collections during the initial stage of its development timely summed up the experience and lessons,focused on expounding the ontology theory of new poetry,and effectively promoted creation and reader acceptance.