替代计量指标的应用、问题和反思——基于发达国家科技评价政策和实践的调查

Applications,Issues and Reflection on Altmetrics:Review of S&T Evaluation Policies and Practices in Developed Countries

[目的/意义]随着在线社交网络的发展,替代计量指标出现并引起欧美等国家科技管理和评价部门的关注。[方法/过程]在调研美国、英国、荷兰、澳大利亚等国国家层面的科技评价政策和实践的基础上,结构化梳理科技评价政策和实践案例报告文本,构建当前替代计量指标在评价活动中应用的完整图景。[结果/结论]讨论了替代计量指标适合的评价维度、使用中存在的问题以及对替代计量指标应用的反思,提出结合本国评价政策要求和本土情境的使用发展替代计量指标数据基础设施的发展思路。[局限]仅解读了有限的政策文本和案例。替代计量指标如何发挥作用仍需进一步地探索。

[Purpose/significance]With the development of online social networks,Altmetrics has emerged and attracted the attention of S&T management and evaluation agencies in Western countries.The article aims to build a comprehensive picture of the current application of Altmetrics in S&T evaluation activities by investigating the policies and practices of S&T evaluation in devel-oped countries.[Method/process]This study investigates S&T evaluation policies and activities at the national level in the US,UK,the Netherlands,and Australia,with a structured analysis of relevant reports.[Result/conclusion]Appropriate evaluation perspectives for Altmetrics,issues in their use,and reflection on the application of Altmetrics in evaluation are discussed.The study suggests that evaluation agencies develop an Altmetrics data infrastructure based on local S&T evaluation policies and local use.[Limitations]Only limited policies and practice reports have been collected and analyzed in this study.The role of Altmetrics still needs further exploration.