中国社会工作发展的乡村转向与社会工作城乡协调发展

The Rural Orientation of Social Work Development in China and the Coordinated Development of Social Work in Urban and Rural Areas

乡村振兴为中国社会工作发展的乡村转向提供了契机与动力,二者在价值理念、内涵范畴、技术实践等方面均有高度的契合性。城乡二元结构引发了社会工作发展的城乡不平衡问题,主要体现在制度环境、资源配置、发展动力及话语体系、服务领域、服务可持续性及受众需求等方面,导致了乡村社会工作发展的滞后性。为此,应以国家推进乡村振兴战略为契机,立足城乡相互促进、共生共存关系探索中国社会工作的城乡协调发展策略。具体包括:建立健全城乡社会工作融合发展的体制机制和政策体系,诉诸互联网技术促进社会工作理念、知识、技术等专业核心元素的跨时空流动,推动城乡社会工作专业化与本土化的协同演进,建构中国特色的社会工作模式,推进城乡社会工作在宏观政策设计与微观社会服务方面的协同演进。

Rural revitalization provides new opportunities and driving forces for the rural orientation of social work development in China.Rural revitalization and social work are highly compatible in terms of value,connotation and real-world practices.The urban-rural dual structure leads to a urban-rural imbalance in the development of social work,which is mainly reflected in the institutional environment,resource allocation,development momentum,discourse system,the area of services and the degree of its sustainability,and residents’demands,featuring a lag in the rural social work development.Therefore,against the background of the rural revitalization strategy,this paper explores the urban-rural coordinated development strategy of social work in China based on the mutual promotion and symbiosis between urban and rural areas.Specifically,it includes:establishing and improving the institutional mechanism and policy system for the integrated development of urban and rural social work,supporting internet technology adoption to facilitate the flow of knowledge and technology across time and space,promoting the urban-rural coordinated development of social work specialization and localization,constructing a social work model with Chinese characteristics,and promoting the coordinated development of urban and rural social work in macro-level policy design and micro-level social services.